MVRDV最新获胜方案：地拉那球形体育综合体

设计单位  MVRDV

项目地点  阿尔巴尼亚地拉那

方案状态  获胜方案

面积  90200平方米

本文文字由MVRDV提供。

MVRDV赢得了地拉那Asllan Rusi体育宫的竞赛，这座综合功能的建筑包含一个拥有6000个座位的篮球和排球馆，以及住宅公寓、酒店和底层零售空间。MVRDV的方案采用直径超过100米的球形空间，将所有功能整合到一座体育场馆之中，将体育与社区融为一个和谐的整体。该方案名为“The Grand Ballroom”（大宴会厅），建成后将成为地拉那风格鲜明的建筑群中的新成员，为市民提供独特的社交和聚集场所。

MVRDV has won the competition for the new Asllan Rusi sports palace in Tirana, a mixed-use complex that includes a 6,000-seat arena for basketball and volleyball as well as residential apartments, a hotel, and ground-level retail. Taking the form of a sphere over 100 metres in diameter, MVRDV’s proposal combines these functions into a monumental stadium space that blends sport and community into a cohesive environment. Named The Grand Ballroom, the proposal will become a new addition to the city’s collection of distinctive architectural projects, and a singular destination for the people of the city to gather together.

该竞赛方案由MVRDV与联合体成员Trema Tech shpk、Likado BV、Albanian Capital Group shpk 和BCN Investments BV协作呈现。设计采用独特的球形结构，在连接机场和市中心的道路旁创造出一座标志性建筑，同时，将酒店和住宅功能堆叠在体育馆之上，在相对较有限的占地面积上融合了更多的功能。球形结构也能避免产生任何忽视周边社区的“背”立面。接近地面空间，球面向内收缩，创造了更多公共空间，也能容纳儿童友好的户外运动设施；球面在接近顶部时也不断向内收缩，为住户提供了露台空间。

The competition entry was produced with a consortium comprising Trema Tech shpk, Likado BV, Albanian Capital Group shpk, and BCN Investments BV. The design’s distinctive feature, its spherical shape, accomplishes much more than simply creating an iconic structure alongside the road connecting the airport to the city centre. By stacking the hotel and residential functions on top of the arena itself, the design accommodates a significant amount of programme on a relatively small site. By making the building rounded, it avoids creating any “rear” façades that neglect the surrounding neighbourhood. By tapering inwards towards the building’s base, it creates more space for public plazas and outdoor sports facilities that can be used by local children. And by tapering inward at the top, it creates terraces for the building’s residents.

建筑的功能也依据球形平面分层布置，同时开辟了一层地下空间，设有阶梯和看台，拾级向下通往零售空间、咖啡馆和便利设施，这些设施为体育馆的活动提供支持。沿着阶梯向上则到达体育馆内部，人们也可通过地面层的短桥进入场馆，主场馆两侧还有两个隐藏在看台下的训练场。酒店位于场馆之上的两层，住客可以分别从酒店低区的房间开窗和上层的休息区观看比赛，享受独特的入住和观赛体验。更特别的是，酒店高区的休闲空间悬挑在看台上方，因而在体育馆的天花板上形成了一个眼睛形状的开口。

The building’s functions are arranged in layers. Where the sphere meets the ground, it imprints the earth, creating a lower-ground floor with steps and tribunes leading downwards to a ring of retail spaces, cafés, and amenities that supports the arena’s events. Above this is the arena itself, accessed by short bridges at ground level, with the main venue flanked by two additional training courts hidden beneath the stands. The hotel occupies two floors above this. With this gesture, the hotel is given a unique feature, allowing the guests to see the matches from the windows of rooms on the lower level of the hotel, and from the amenity spaces on the upper level, which cantilever over the stands to create an oculus in the arena ceiling.

眼状的开口可以用厚玻璃层封闭，形成隔音屏障，同时保持上下空间在视觉上的连通。在这一层之上，公寓位于球体的双层外壳结构内，内部形成了一个巨大的半室外穹顶空间——几乎是碗形体育馆的镜像。这个穹顶空间成为住户的庭院花园，配有成龄树木和座椅家具供人驻足休憩。穹顶结构在多处让位于建筑立面上三层或四层通高的矩形开口，实现了自然通风，并为住宅创造了额外的公共绿色空间，每个开口空间都有独特的主题。

The oculus could be closed with a thick layer of glass to form a soundproof barrier while maintaining a visual connection between the upper and lower volumes. Above this level, apartments are contained within the sphere’s double-shell structure, forming a colossal semi-outdoor domed space on the interior – almost a mirror of the bowl-shaped arena. This space becomes a courtyard garden for residents, with mature trees and furniture for relaxing. In a number of places, the dome of apartments gives way to three- and four-storey rectangular holes punched through the building’s shell, allowing natural ventilation and creating additional communal green spaces for residences, each with its own theme.

球体外壳层的公寓包括视野向外的户型和一部分双向房型，这些公寓不仅尽收地拉那城市的壮丽景色，还能欣赏内部穹顶、庭院花园，并能透过眼状开口瞥见体育馆的内部活动。随着球体空间在顶部向内聚拢，随之制造出大型露台供住户使用。

The apartments in the sphere’s shell comprise a mixture of outward-facing units and a portion of dual aspect units, which offer spectacular views not only of the city but also of the interior dome, courtyard garden, and a glimpse into the arena through the oculus. As the sphere tapers in at the top, large terraces are created for residents.

公寓的外墙设置在球体结构的表皮之内，这样可以确保公寓拥有足够的遮荫，免受阳光直射。穹顶顶部以复式顶层公寓为主，每间都配有私人的屋顶露台，球形顶部环带空间的四分之一区域是一家双层通高的空中酒吧，可以在这里俯瞰城市全景。

The external walls of the apartments are set back within the sphere’s shell, ensuring that the apartment interiors are shaded from the sun by the floor above, while accentuating the size of these terraces. The very top of the dome mostly hosts duplex penthouses, each with access to a private rooftop terrace, while one quarter of this upper ring hosts a double-height hotel skybar, with views over the city. A second oculus, that can be closed with glass and opened for ventilation, completes the sphere.

“‘大宴会厅’将成为一座灯塔，激发人们观看并参与体育运动。这是一个可以运动、社交和聚会的地方！我们该如何呈现出这些想法呢？”MVRDV创始合伙人Winy Maas评论道。“球体结构借鉴了许多体育项目使用的圆形运动用品。同时，它也让人联想到历史长河里的启蒙圣殿，从法国建筑师艾蒂安·路易·布雷的牛顿纪念堂到美国科学家巴克敏斯特·富勒发明的网格球顶，我将之视为对技术乐观主义的致敬。那么，在地拉那市中心打造一座大型的球形建筑，它同样可以成为体育和社区的圣殿。通过连接不同的功能，它邀请建筑内的每个人都能够参与其中；通过提供配备体育设施的公共空间，它真正成为社区和城市的一部分；通过地标式的形态，它吸引市民乃至来自更远地方的人们聚集在这里。因此，它为地拉那不断延续的新建筑系列增加了宏伟的一笔。”

“The Grand Ballroom will become a beacon, aiming to inspire and encourage people to play and to watch sport. A place to play, meet, and celebrate! How can we express that?” comments MVRDV founding partner Winy Maas. “The spherical shape is a reference to the round ball used by so many sports. Yet it also recalls enlightenment temples, from Étienne-Louis Boullée’s Cenotaph for Newton to Buckminster Fuller’s tribute to technological optimism, the geodesic dome. A great sphere in the heart of Tirana can similarly become a temple to sport and community. By connecting the different functions, it invites everyone in the building to be part of the action. By providing public spaces complete with sports facilities, it becomes a part of its neighbourhood. By serving as a landmark, it draws people from all over the city and beyond to gather together and celebrate. It thus continues the growing Tirana Collection of new buildings.”

设计图纸 ▽

完整项目信息

Facts

Project Name: The Grand Ballroom

Location: Tirana, Albania

Year: 2025 –

Client: Trema Tech shpk., Likado BV, Albanian Capital Group shpk, BCN Investments BV

Size and Programme: 90,200 m2 sports arena and associated facilities, housing, hotel,

retail, parking

Credits

Architect: MVRDV

Founding Partner in charge: Winy Maas

Partner: Bertrand Schippan

Design Team: Stavros Gargaretas, Catherine Drieux, Piotr Janus, Americo Iannazzone, Angel Sanchez Navarro, Ana Melgarejo Lopez, Sylvain Totaro, Lola Elisa Cauneac, Miguel del Campo Grijalbo, Stanisław Rochala

Strategy and Development: Maria Stamati

Visualization: Antonio Luca Coco, Angelo La Delfa, Luana La Martina, Jaroslaw Jeda, Stefano Fiaschi, Ciprian Buzdugan

Collaborators

Co-architect: UDV

Artist: Hellidon Xhixha

Structural Engineer / Cost Estimator: DERBI-E

Consultant: Ramboll

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