OMA新作：Mangalem 21，阿尔巴尼亚棋盘式住区

设计单位  OMA

项目地点  阿尔巴尼亚地拉那

建成时间  2023年

建筑面积  120000平方米

本文英文原文由OMA提供，由有方编译。

该项目位于城市中央的一片绿色地块，北侧毗邻群山与前共产主义街区，南侧则是20世纪90年代形成的非正式住区。场地具有显著的坡度变化：最高点与最低点之间的落差达到27米，相当于一栋九层建筑的高度。

The project covers a green plot of land in the middle of the city, bordered by mountains and former communist quarters to the north, and informal settlements from the 1990s to the south. The site has a very prominent slope: the difference between the lowest and the highest point is 27 meters, an equivalent of a nine-storey building.

受到此地非正式住区的启发，OMA提出了由街区与庭院组成的棋盘式布局。斜坡地形让每栋建筑都能俯瞰其他建筑，从而创造出多样的周边景观。

Inspired by the charm of the informal settlements, OMA proposed a chequerboard-like pattern of blocks and courtyards. The sloped terrain allows for every building to look over the other, creating various views over the surroundings.

该布局在实现高密度的同时，将70%的场地留作公共广场与绿地。整个开发区禁止汽车进入，所有停车位均位于地下。贯穿场地的主街整合了商业功能，同时连接起未来的Metrobosco绿带与市政府规划的新环路。

The configuration reaches a high density while leaving 70% of the site open for public plazas and green spaces. The development is car-free and all parking is underground. The main street running through the development brings together commercial activities and at the same time connects the future Metrobosco green belt and the new ring road planned by the municipality.

这一抽象的棋盘式格局，通过将切角空间转变为建筑实体，转化为连续的可居住空间。由此生成三种空间类型：其一是“跨越式核心筒”，即由两栋相邻建筑共享的垂直交通核心；其二是“跨越式公寓”，一套横跨两栋相邻建筑的住宅；其三是“亲吻转角”，即两栋相切的建筑角部。

The abstract chequerboard pattern turns into a continuous array of habitable spaces by elaborating the tangent corners into architectural entities. Three typologies emerge: the ‘Straddle Core’, a vertical circulation shared by two adjacent buildings, the ‘Straddle Apartment’, an apartment spanning over two adjacent buildings, and the ‘Kissing Corner’, two tangent building corners.

建筑立面重新诠释了地拉那城市中的色彩，从而强化了街区的识别度。窗口的位置与分隔方式略有变化，开窗系统通过标准化的系统实现多样化。

The façades reinterpret Tirana’s use of colours reinforcing the identity of the blocks. The openings are organized in a system that uses standardisation to create diversity by shifting their position and subdivisions.

屋顶被视为“第五立面”，因为有着台阶式的建筑布局，人们可以从上方的建筑中看到这些屋顶。

The roofs are treated as a fifth facade since the stepping configuration of the development makes them visible from the upper buildings.

完整项目信息

Location: Tirana, Albania

Client: Kontakt

Year: 2015 – 2023

Status: Completed

Program: Residential Masterplan (Total: 120,000 m²)

Partner-in-Charge: Reinier de Graaf

Associates-in-Charge: Michel van de Kar, Daan Ooievaar

Lead Architects: Roza Matveeva, Jad Semaan

Team: Maria Aller Rey, Anton Anikeev, Julian Beqiri, Marco Gambare, Andreas Karavanas, Francesca Lantieri, Ferzilet Leti Numani, Davide Masserini, Barbara Materia, Ekaterina Nuzhdina, Joanna Rozbroj, Zheng Zhou

Collaborators

Local Engineer: LEAL - CSE

Mechanical Engineer: ArchiMED S.P.S.

本文英文原文及图片由OMA授权有方发布，编译版权归有方空间所有。欢迎转发，禁止以有方编辑版本转载。