日建设计新作：枚方市综合文化艺术中心，文化与自然的交织

编辑：王子萱（实习） | 校对：李博超 | 2023.05.05 12:12

设计单位 日建设计

项目地点 日本大阪

建成时间 2021年5月

建筑面积 14,383.75平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

本项目所在的枚方市交通十分便利，乘坐电车30分钟即可到达大阪和京都。枚方市综合文化艺术中心由三个礼堂和一个美术画廊组成，距离位于枚方市中心的枚方市站步行5分钟。艺术中心是枚方市的新地标，为了使其成为受广大市民长久喜爱的设施，我们的目标是打造一个“文化艺术聚集地”和“盎然绿意”交织的空间。

The Hirakata Performing & Visual Arts Center is centrally located in Hirakata City, 30 minutes by train from Osaka and Kyoto, and a five-minute walk from Hirakata Station. Its three halls and art gallery are designed as a space where culture, art and greenery are interwoven, with the aim to create a new city landmark cherished by the citizenry.

室外的前广场上分散配置了方便市民集会的草坪广场、树荫广场和舞台等文化艺术空间。建筑的内部设计注重与外部空间的连续性，通过中庭和檐口绿化营造出绿意盎然和自然光充沛的空间，旨在通过内外空间的融合促进市民艺术活动的蓬勃发展。

Outside, the plaza in front of the facility is dotted with spaces for culture and art, including a grassy area where citizens can easily gather, a shaded area, and a stage. The interior space was created with an awareness of spatial continuity with the exterior, where the courtyard and greened eaves create a space with abundant nature and natural light. We hope that the interior and exterior will support citizens’ artistic activities as a single integrated space.

“紧凑型”礼堂

我们希望本项目不仅是一个与文化艺术中心相称的雅致空间，其规模尺度体系亦应便于市民使用。入口大厅和各个礼堂，由于设计时对高度的控制，人们置身其中时可以感受到那种距离带来的身临其境之感。此外，通道宽度和各房间的距离也兼顾了可视性与紧密度，形成可以感受到他人活动的、丰富的绿色空间。

We sought to create an elegant and refined space befitting a cultural and artistic center, while at the same time pursuing easy-to-use dimensions. The entrance lobby and halls, with their reduced height, allow visitors to enjoy a sense of realism. The height, along with the width of the corridors and the distance between the various rooms, are designed to ensure visibility and intimacy. The facility’s spaces allow people to feel others’ activities as well as the abundant greenery.

我们在外观上很好地控制了体量，建筑静立于绿色中，给使用者营造出一种安心感，施设前的广场也成为可供大众共享的空间。

The exterior of the building is also purposely less voluminous, as it stands quietly amidst the greenery, affording a sense of security that allows anyone to use the facility and enjoy the front plaza.

兼具设计感与功能性的内外部装饰

为了实现对礼堂的声环境至关重要的声音扩散和反射，内外部装饰中使用的釉面砖共制作了4种不同的剖面形状。具有厚重感的礼堂和以木材、砖块为基调的入口呈现出小巧精致的氛围，力求将其打造成市民们尽享艺术的殿堂。

The bricks used for the interior and exterior were glazed and created in four different cross-sectional shapes to achieve the kind of sound diffusion and reflection qualities that are important for the hall's acoustic environment. We hope that the massive hall and the wood and brick-based entrance will furnish a high-quality atmosphere, and that the facility will come to be a place where citizens can fully enjoy the arts.

首个采用辐射空调的剧场（礼堂）及其环保措施

在礼堂这样的大空间中，需要使用大量空气运行空调，因而必须采取相应措施以避免由通风和高差造成的冷热不均。在本项目中，为了营造舒适的观演环境，我们首次将辐射空调用于礼堂（剧场设施）中。辐射板被安装在座席背面，以及天花板较低的一、二层座席后部的天花板上。

In a large space such as a hall, air conditioning processes use large volumes of air. Measures are therefore required to prevent drafts and uneven temperature distribution due to elevation differences. In this project, radiant air conditioning was adopted for the first time in a hall. Radiator panels were placed on the backs of the seats, on the ceiling surfaces above the 1st floor seats, and in the rear of the 2nd floor seats where the ceiling height is low.

然而即使是辐射空调，也需要为礼堂提供最低限度的新风，因而我们采用了人体感知不到的低风速进气方式，以避免产生通风气流。在设计和施工时，我们分别通过模拟、实验室测试、实物模型对热舒适度进行了确认，根据竣工后实际演出时所做的舒适度问卷调查结果显示，95%以上的观众选择了“普通”以上的舒适度。

Radiant air conditioning must also supply a minimum amount of outside air to the hall. However, equipment was tuned so that air drafts were rendered indiscernible. Thermal comfort was confirmed by simulations during the design stage and by lab tests and mock-ups during construction. In a post-construction questionnaire conducted during an actual performance, more than 95% of the audience responded that the interior conditions felt “normal” or better among five choices: "comfortable", "somewhat comfortable", "normal", "somewhat uncomfortable", and "uncomfortable”.

下水道的污水作为一种未经利用的能源，经高度处理后可作为热源水，用于热泵生产辐射式空调所用的冷温水。

Hot and cold water used for the radiant air conditioning is produced by a water source heat pump that uses highly treated sewage water, an unutilized energy resource.

屋顶上设有太阳能发电板，在平时为电动汽车充电，并为公共区域照明等提供电力，除此而外，它还可以作为一个反向供电的系统，承载由电动汽车的电池向公共区域照明等功能，以在紧急情况发生时应对BCP(业务连续性计划)。

Solar panels have been installed on the rooftop to charge electric vehicles and to provide power for common area lighting, etc. In case of emergencies, a reverse power transmission system allows electric vehicle batteries to illuminate lights in the facility’s common areas, etc. for BCP (business continuity plan) service.

此外，本设施采用了利用水蓄热和高效螺杆机组的热源系统、新风制冷控制、二氧化碳浓度控制等多种节能技术，取得了环境性能评估系统CASBEE的S级认证。

In addition, various energy-saving technologies have been adopted, such as a heat source system using thermal water storage and a high-efficiency screw chiller (vapor compressor), an outside air cooling system, and CO2 suppression. These have helped the facility to earn a ranking of “S” (Excellent), according to the Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE) environmental performance rating system.

通过具有厚重感的砖块实现丰富的音响效果

为了充分确保早期反射声，大、小礼堂以舞台和观众席顺畅相连形成的一体化空间形状为基础，结合天花板高度和观众席宽度的比例来确定平剖面形状。音响反射板和观众席的侧墙作为主要反射面，采用了可反射包括低音区域在内声音的，兼具刚性和表面适度凹凸的砖砌饰面。我们通过使用多种砖块进行多种方式的砌筑，提高了声音的扩散度。为了确保更多的反射声，大礼堂从舞台到观众席都设置了连续的檐状反射面。矩形平面的活动礼堂墙面也采用了凹凸不平的砖砌饰面，用以避免颤动回声(flutter echo)。

In order to ensure sufficient early reflected sound, the basic shapes of the large and small halls were designed for smooth continuity and unification between the stage and audience seats. The halls’ floor plan and cross section were decided with consideration for the proportion of ceiling heights and audience seat widths. The main reflective surfaces, the acoustic reflectors and the side walls of the seating area are finished with brick, rigid enough for low-frequency reflection, and have appropriate surface roughness. To enhance sound diffusion, several types of bricks were used in an array of stacking methods. In the main hall, a continuous eave-like reflective surface stretches from the stage to the audience seats to further increase reflective sounds. Rectangular and flat, the event hall also features uneven wall brickwork to prevent flutter echoes.

考虑到大、小礼堂之间可能存在一方产生大音量声音的同时另一方需要安静环境的情况，我们通过小礼堂周围的伸缩缝和小礼堂的防振隔音结构实现了高性能隔音，小礼堂墙面上的饰面砖也具有防振隔音的功能。为了使活动礼堂与入口大厅形成一体化空间，我们通过移动隔墙和出入门，将一层处的大开口做成双层样式，二层的玻璃面采用15毫米+15毫米的夹层玻璃以确保隔音性能。位于大礼堂斜下方的排练室也采用了防振隔音结构。

By using a vibration/sound insulation structure and expansion joints around the small hall perimeter, high sound insulation performance was achieved between the large and small hall venues, where both loud noise and silence are expected. The walls of the small hall are brick-finished, which affords sound and vibration insulation. In the event hall, where the large first floor opening allows for integration with the entrance lobby, a double layer of moving partition walls and entry/exit doors provides ample soundproofing. On the second floor, sound insulation is accomplished with 15mm + 15mm laminated glass. The rehearsal room, located diagonal to and below the main hall, employs a sound and vibration isolation structure.

针对大礼堂所采用的辐射板，我们在设计和施工的各个阶段都对其杂音防治措施进行了反复测试和研讨，以确保即使在大音量音乐扩音时也不会产生杂音。

The main hall radiator panels were installed after careful testing and examination at each stage of design and construction to ensure against vibration clatter, even in the presence of loud music.