南非绿色学校：巨石聚落 / GASS Architecture Studios

编辑：李博超 | 校对：李博超 | 2022.04.26 00:51

设计单位 GASS Architecture Studios

项目地点 南非帕尔市

建成时间 2021年（一期）

建筑面积 3313平方米

该项目是个占地8公顷的可持续校园，地处西开普省低洼的帕尔谷地，被北面的帕尔山，东、南面的德拉肯斯坦山，以及西面的西蒙斯山所环抱。宏观层面上的空间布局是此次设计灵感的起始点，但在过程中建筑师同样兼顾了单体及其之间的空间关系。

Green School South Africa, is an eight-hectare sustainable schooling campus located in the low-lying Paarl Valley in the Western Cape, spatially defined by the Paarl Berg to the north, Drakenstein Mountains to the east and south, and Simons Berg towards the south west. The spatial arrangement at a macro level is what inspired the space making, but also down to the individual buildings and spaces between them.

重复性的倍增是自然界中常见的现象。在本项目中，建筑单体的设计选取了有机的构造形式，这些形式源自于山峰和山谷，但受帕尔山巨石的影响更直接。如此实体的排布形式，也是为了适应每个单体建筑的功能需求。

Reoccurrence of multiples at incremental scales is an idea that defines the behavior of most natural systems. The architecture of the individual buildings is defined by organic tectonic shapes originating from the mountains that contain the valley but also more directly from the Paarl Berg Boulders. These solid shapes are arranged to accommodate the programmatic need of each of the individual buildings.

校园的一期工程已于2021年2月竣工，由各式的建筑群落组合而成，穿插于果园、菜园、步道、景观露台等空间中。建筑内包括了16间教室，供从幼儿园到8年级的青少年来使用，另有Sangkep（多用途空间）、行政楼、校园中心等空间。通过景观设计和一系列呈有机形状的“werf”墙，各个建筑群落彼此交织，形成一个连贯的整体，也为学生打造出一个探索的乐园。

The first phase of the campus was completed in February 2021. Which constitutes of various clusters of buildings nestled in amidst orchards, vegetable gardens, walkways, landscaped terraces and spill out spaces. These buildings include 16 classroom facilities for children ranging from kindergarten to Gr 8, the Sangkep (Balinese term for a multipurpose space), an Administrative Building and the Heart of the School. The individual clusters of buildings are weaved together by landscaping and a series of organic shaped ‘werf’ walls to create a coherent whole, and a world of passageways and spaces for students to discover.

抵达学校后，一道景观石笼网墙将人们直接引向行政楼。行政楼位于校园的主轴线上，与校园内多个公共建筑相连——Sangkep空间、小卖部、联合办公空间与校园中心。

Upon arriving at the school, a landscaped gabion wall leads the visitor to the Administrative Building that sits on the main axial circulation spine of the campus, linking the more public buildings together. These buildings include the Sangkep, tree-lined Market Area, Deli, Co-Working Space and Heart of the School.

校园中心，顾名思义就是校园空间的中心，所有的园区道路均集会于此。这座建筑由三块“巨石”体量组成，顺应了通向入口广场的道路方向。建筑内一边为餐厅、生活实验室和厨房，另一边则为图书馆、美术与音乐工作室和洗浴设施。

The Heart of the School is the centre of the precinct were all the paths converge. The building is defined by three boulder‐like shapes defining the path leading from the arrival plaza. The one side of the building contains the Dining Hall, Life Lab and Kitchen, and the other a Library, Art and Music Studio and Ablution Facilities.

主要的行道被分散成各种支路，它们被设计为蜿蜒的形状，以创造行进中的兴奋感与探索意趣。这些支路则通向散布在庭院中的小学与幼儿园。幼儿园的建筑群隐藏于景观护坡之后，人行道上还有一条由树枝徒手编织成的藤架，未来长出植物后，这里将成为绿色的长廊。

The main circulation spine branches off into carefully considered meandering routes, to create moments of excitement, wonderment and discovery. These secondary routes lead to the Primary School and Kindergarten where both spill out in landscaped courtyards. The Kindergarten Cluster is sheltered and hidden by landscaped berms, and the walkway covered with a hand-woven sapling growing tunnel.

考虑被动式原则、风水、生态建筑挑战等要素，设计师对建筑的摆布进行了细致研究，最终形成了和谐的空间效果，让人类与自然重新连接。为了强化这一理念，立面尽可能地增大开洞，以促进内外之间的视线开放。

The positions of the different zones and buildings have been carefully considered, taking into account passive design principals, feng shui and the seven petals provided by the Living Building Challenge. The result being harmonious spaces where humankind and nature can reconnect. To further enhance this idea, the building walls are kept to a minimum to allow for big expansive openings ensuring visual connection between inside and outside.

同自然相互联系，并不是建筑物的视觉连接性的唯一表征。所有建筑均应用了当地的自然材料，包括但不限于由芦苇制成的天花，由场地内土壤制成的夯土墙、灰泥墙和地面，由场地内的卵石制成的石笼墙，以及从大德拉肯斯坦地区回收的木门。它们让建筑能更好地融合于环境，同时支持本土的材料与工艺。

The visual connectedness of the buildings is not the only aspect that link the architecture with nature. All buildings are constructed from naturally and locally sourced materials, such as dek-riet ceilings, clay and soil harvested from site to create rammed earth walls and lime plaster walls and floors, the pebbles retrieved from the site used to construct gabion walls, and reclaimed tique doors from the larger Drakenstein region. This all to better integrate the architecture within its surroundings and celebrate the materials and workmanship from the local area.

大型的帆板屋面结构浮于这些有机的体量之上，可用来收集雨水。厚实的夯土墙和砖墙、框景般的开洞设计、凸窗的置入、遮荫与通风效果兼备的天窗，还有带有纹理的屏障设计，这些元素都创造了迷人且有趣的空间效果。景观与建筑相结合，丰富了空间的层次，也为孩子们提供了一个可以参与、探索和学习的场域。

These organic shaped stereotomic buildings with large oversailing leaf-like roof structures for rainwater collection, punched openings to frame vistas, bay windows, thick rammed earth or clay brick walls, clerestory windows for filtered natural light and ventilation, textured screening elements, all create enticing and playful spaces. This multi-layered development where architecture and landscape coincide, creates for enticing and playful spaces where children can engage, explore and learn.