日内瓦卢梭中学改造，粗野主义立面+加建木结构 / Burckhardt

△ 项目外观 摄影：Olivier Di Giambattista

△ 项目室内 摄影：Olivier Di Giambattista

设计单位  Burckhardt

项目地点  瑞士日内瓦

建成时间  2024年

建筑面积  21,850平方米

本文英文原文由Burckhardt提供，由有方编译。

2025年4月5日，由Burckhardt负责加建与大规模改造的日内瓦卢梭中学（Collège Rousseau）正式落成。

On April 5, 2025, the official inauguration of the Collège Rousseau, which was extended and extensively renovated by Burckhardt, will take place in Geneva.

△ 项目外观 摄影：Olivier Di Giambattista

外部延续，内部木构 Continuity on the Outside, Timber Construction Inside

这座受文物保护的中学校舍由Alain Ritter设计，1969年建成，是粗野主义的重要作品。建筑的状况需要修缮，学生人数的增加也要求加建。Burckhardt在2018年的建筑设计竞赛中获胜，方案强调延续，同时也与之相区别。

The heritage-protected Collège Rousseau in Geneva, built in 1969 by Alain Ritter, is a remarkable example of Brutalism. Not only did the building's condition require refurbishment, but an extension was also needed to cope with the increased numbers of students. Burckhardt won the architectural design competition in 2018 with a proposal that emphasizes continuity and yet breaks with it:

从外部看，加建的一层延续了既有立面——那些饰面混凝土构件形成的醒目浮雕——要再看一眼才能认出哪部分是新增；而在内部，这次介入呈现为一座带着温暖氛围的轻盈通透的木结构。

From the outside, the added story extends the existing façade with its striking relief of finished concrete components in such a way that the addition is only recognizable at second glance. Inside, however, the intervention presents itself as a light and airy wooden construction that exudes a cozy atmosphere.

△ 项目外观 摄影：Olivier Di Giambattista

阅读立面 Reading the Façade

建筑远离道路，南北两侧是朴素的住宅塔楼，东西两侧是多栋独立公寓组成的群体，它在坡地上保持着安静的存在。最突出的特征是鲜明的结构与带中央庭院的长方体量。建筑的组织关系可以从立面上读出来：行政办公位于两层玻璃基座中；其上，教室作为一个矿物般的体块，从基座上方伸出。

Set far back from the road, nestled between sober residential tower blocks to the north and south and a multi-part structure of detached apartment buildings to the east and west, the building asserts a calm presence on the sloping plot. Its most salient characteristics are its stark structure and rectangular shape with a central courtyard. The building's organization can be made out on the façade: The administrative offices are housed in the two glazed basement stories. On the floors above, the classrooms project out over the base building as a mineral block.

△ 项目外观 摄影：Olivier Di Giambattista

△ 项目局部外观 摄影：Olivier Di Giambattista

明亮通透的房间 Light and Airy Rooms

新加层的平面与既有部分相同，但空间感受完全不同：层高更宽裕，木结构被有意暴露。两处大面积天窗把日光引入大楼梯间，平面与房间都围绕这些自然光源组织。新的地面层食堂找回了建筑师Alain Ritter在最初设计中设想的开放感——这里不只是课间的场所，也是社交与非正式学习的地方。

The new story's floor plan is the same, but the feeling of space is entirely different: The ceiling height is more generous and the timber structure is deliberately exposed. Two generous skylights bathe the large staircases in daylight. Floor plans and rooms are orientated around these natural light sources. The new ground-level cafeteria manages to capture the openness that architect Alain Ritter had envisaged in his original design. It is a place of socializing and informal learning, not just during breaks.

△ 项目室内 摄影：Olivier Di Giambattista

尊重的介入 Respectful Approach

向上加建不仅是一个设计决定，也是出于可持续的考虑：它避免了对更多地面的封闭。让建筑变高而不是变宽，也限制了基础设施的范围，使技术系统更合理；更短的输送路径减少了负荷与热损失。

The extension upwards was not only a design-related decision, but also one of sustainability, in that it avoided more of the ground being sealed. Making the building taller instead of wider also limits the infrastructure's extent and rationalizes the technical systems. Shorter distribution paths prevent load and heat losses.

轻质的木结构（结构、楼板与屋面）把新增的静荷载降到既有建筑无需大幅加固就能承受的水平。这种最小侵入的做法不仅降低了造价，也是可持续经济策略的一部分。

The lightweight timber construction (structure, floor and roof) reduces the extra static loads to a level that the existing building can bear without significant reinforcements. The minimally invasive approach has not only reduced the cost, but is also part of a sustainable economic strategy.

△ 项目外观 摄影：Olivier Di Giambattista

△ 项目室内 摄影：Olivier Di Giambattista

△ 细节 摄影：Olivier Di Giambattista

优化的能耗表现 Optimized Energy Ratings

加建部分达到了“极高能效”（THPE）目标，历史部分则按Minergie标准满足改造要求。这些有区别的措施在尊重建筑遗产价值的同时，显著改善了整体能耗。

Very High Energy Performance (THPE) targets were met for the extension, whereas the historic parts satisfied renovation targets to the Minergie standard. These differentiated measures significantly improve overall energy consumption while respecting the building's heritage value.

△ 项目室内 摄影：Olivier Di Giambattista

规划过程的数字化 Digitalization of the Planning Process

尽管业主并未要求，改造与加建仍以BIM项目的方式执行。对既有建筑的首次完整测绘包括建立点云（一种三维扫描），并以Matterport工具进行的180°数字摄影测绘作为补充。所获信息与点云比对，建立了非常精确的既有建筑BIM模型。

Although not required by the client, the refurbishment and extension were executed as a BIM project. The initial full survey of the existing building involved the creation of a point cloud, a kind of 3D scan, which was supplemented by a digital 180° photographic survey with the Matterport tool. The information thus gathered was compared with the point cloud to create a very precise BIM model of the existing building.

△ 项目室内 摄影：Olivier Di Giambattista

精益建造 LEAN Construction

在学校持续运营的工地上，流程相当复杂，建筑师与技术人员之间采用精益建造方法被证明非常高效：例如对于噪音较大的工作，安排并遵守多个阶段与微阶段，使其与学校假期相吻合。

The use of lean construction methods in the collaboration between architects and technicians proved to be very efficient in view of the complexity of the processes on a school construction site with ongoing operations: For noise-intensive work, for example, several phases and micro-phases were scheduled and observed to coincide with the school holidays.

△ 项目室内 摄影：Olivier Di Giambattista

设计图纸 ▽

△ 总平面图 ©Burckhardt

△ 平面图 ©Burckhardt

△ 剖面图 ©Burckhardt

△ 垂直剖面大样 ©Burckhardt

△ 水平剖面大样 ©Burckhardt

完整项目信息

Vertical Extension and Refurbishment of Collège Rousseau, Geneva

Client: État de Genève, Cantonal Buildings Office (OCBA)

Project address: Avenue du Bouchet 16A, 1209 Geneva

Competition: 2018, 1st prize

Period of time: 2018 – 2024

Contract: Architecture / SIA 31 – 53

Program/use: School building / Research & Education

Building Data

Building volume: 92,000 m³

Total area: 21,850 m²

Building length: 79 m

Building width: 57 m

Architect existing building: Alain Ritter, 1969

Project team

Nicolas Vaucher (Head of Project), Alexandre Gilberto (Project Manager), Antje Bittorf, Lou Boudias (Construction Management), Abilio Rui Luis e Silva, Marcos Negreira, Philippe Noverraz

Specialist Planners

Structural design: Thomas Jundt Ingénieurs Civils SA

Building physics: ENPLEO Sàrl

Façade: Xmade

Electrotechnics: Betelec SA

Building services: Chammartin & Spicher SA

Acoustics: Batj SA

Heritage historian: Christian Bischoff

BIM/CDE: Kairnial (Thinkproject) / Autodesk Construction Cloud

Photos: Olivier Di Giambattista

Construction Firms

Ceilings: Haufe Deckensysteme GmbH

Lighting: Lumiverre Plafonds SA

Prefabricated concrete façade: MFP Préfabrication SA

Carpentry: André SA

Metal construction: CMA – Constructeurs Métalliques Associés SA

本文英文原文及图片由Burckhardt授权有方发布，编译版权归有方空间所有。欢迎转发，禁止以有方编辑版本转载。