MVRDV阿尔巴尼亚“金字塔”动工，原粗野主义建筑将改造为文化生活中心

“地拉那金字塔”（Pyramid of Tirana）项目位于阿尔巴尼亚首都地拉那，现已开始动工。MVRDV将重新利用这座粗野主义建筑的混凝土结构，并开放其中庭与周围绿地，形成由咖啡馆、工作室和教室组成的“小村庄”，使当地年轻人可以在这一室内外贯通的“金字塔”中，免费学习各种技术课程。建筑有望成为当地新的文化生活中心。

Construction has started on the Pyramid of Tirana, the brutalist monument in the heart of Albania’s capital city. The concrete structure will be reused, the atrium and its surroundings greened and opened, and a small village of cafes, studios, workshops, and classrooms – where Albanian youth will learn various technology subjects for free – will permeate the site, both inside and outside the pyramid itself. The Pyramid is thus expected to become a new hub for Tirana's cultural life and a carrier for the new generation.

这座11,835平方米的建筑经历了复杂的变迁：最初建造为博物馆，后作为北约临时基地、夜总会等等。当地的年轻人重新利用这座状况日益恶化的建筑，把它作为闲逛的去处和涂鸦的画布，攀爬或者从上面滑下。这种活动可能带有一定的风险。

The 11,835m2 Pyramid has had several lives in the past: originally constructed as a museum dedicated to Enver Hoxha, it has also served as a temporary base for NATO during the War in Kosovo, a nightclub, and an event space. In an attempt to reclaim the deteriorating structure, the youth of Tirana have used it as a hangout and a canvas for graffiti, and often climb it at night and then – not without risk – slide down its slopes.

近年来的改造计划只实现了一部分，建筑内部仍然杂乱阴暗，难以进入。新的设计将从根本上开放这座建筑。先前翻修的附加部分将被剥离，露出宽敞的室内空间。树木和其他绿色植物使这个开放空间更加宜人。包含独立房间的盒子被放置在现有结构的内部、上方和周围。

Plans in recent years to transform the structure only partially materialized, leaving the interior cluttered and dark. MVRDV’s design will radically open up the building, which is now hermetically sealed and inaccessible. Additions from previous renovations will be stripped away to reveal a voluminous interior space. Trees and other greenery give this open space a welcoming appearance. Boxes containing individual rooms are placed inside, upon, and around the existing structure.

这将创造一个集教室、工作室、咖啡馆和餐厅于一体的“村庄”。非营利教育机构TUMO Tirana将是建筑的主要用户，为12至18岁的青少年提供免费的课后教育，学习新技术，如软件、机器人、动画、音乐和电影。

This will create a village of classrooms, studios, cafes, and restaurants. Non-profit educational institution TUMO Tirana will be the main user of the Pyramid, providing free afterschool education for 12- to 18-year-olds in new techniques such as software, robotics, animation, music, and film.

倾斜的混凝土梁上加了台阶，让游客可以安全地走到塔顶，保留了地拉那市民对建筑的使用方式。其中一根梁仍保留为斜坡，游客还是可以滑下去，不过风险自负。这些台阶也可用于观光和临时活动，恢复建筑和周围广场作为地拉那文化生活重要中心的功能。

Steps are added to the sloping concrete beams, making it safe for visitors to literally walk over this former museum to the top of the pyramid –that began with the citizens of Tirana. One of the beams will be preserved as a slope that visitors can slide down – at their own risk. These steps can also be used for sightseeing and temporary events, returning the Pyramid and the surrounding plaza to their function as an important central point for cultural life in Tirana.

金字塔的转变展示了如何使建筑适应新时代的同时保留其复杂的历史，以及如何理想地利用具有历史意义的粗野主义建筑。该项目也符合联合国所述的若干可持续发展目标。其坚固的混凝土外壳遵循循环经济原则，设计并未浪费地拆除结构。这一原则在外部台阶的设计中得到了进一步的发展，使用了原本装饰建筑表皮的石头瓷砖作为新混凝土的骨料。

The transformation of the Pyramid shows how a building can be made suitable for a new era, while at the same time preserving its complex history, and demonstrates that historic brutalist buildings are ideal for reuse. The project also meets a number of the Sustainable Development Goals outlined by the United Nations. Rather than wastefully demolish the structure, its robust concrete shell is adapted along circular economy principles. This principle is further developed in the design of the exterior steps, which use the stone tiles that originally adorned the façade as aggregate in the new concrete.

建筑的大部分在一年中的多数时间里都对周围环境开放，只有加建的容纳教育项目的盒子需要进行气候控制，减少能源消耗。新的建筑功能推进了社会可持续性，教育项目为下一代的成功做好了准备。

As the majority of the structure is open to the surroundings for most of the year, only the added boxes housing the educational program need to be climate-controlled, reducing energy consumption. Social sustainability is advanced in the building’s new use, with the educational programme advancing education and preparing the next generation for success.

完整项目信息

Project Name: The Pyramid of Tirana

Location: Tirana, Albania

Year: 2018+

Client: Albanian-American Development Foundation (AADF)

Size and Programme: 11,835m2 - educational facility

Credits

Architect: MVRDV

Founding Partner in charge: Winy Maas

Partner: Stefan de Koning

Design Team: Ronald Hoogeveen, Angel Sanchez Navarro, Boris Tikvarski, Stavros Gargaretas, Leo Stuckardt, Guido Boeters Visualisations: Antonio Luca Coco, Luca Piattelli, Jaroslaw Jeda, Luana La Martina, Gianlorenzo Petrini

Strategy and Development: Willeke Vester, Daan van Gool

Images: © MVRDV

Copyright: MVRDV 2021 – (Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs, Nathalie de Vries, Frans de Witte, Fokke Moerel, Wenchian Shi, Jan Knikker)

Partners:

Albanian-American Development Foundation (AADF), Municipality of Tirana Education partner: TUMO Tirana

版权声明：本文由MVRDV授权有方编辑发布，欢迎转发，禁止以有方编辑版本转载。

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