四合宅：让私密与开放各得其所 / 建筑营设计工作室

编辑：原源 | 2019.09.09 16:27

设计公司 建筑营设计工作室

项目地址 河北，唐山

建筑面积 265平米

施工时间 2018.06—2019.01

项目地处市郊，地势平坦，周边由果树林、农田和溪流环绕，风景优美。场地东侧比邻着一座粮食加工厂，这是由建筑营早年设计的坡屋顶围合式建筑。

The project is situated on a flat site in the suburbs, which is surrounded by orchards, farmland and rivers, boasting beautiful landscape. On the west side is a grain processing factory, which is an enclosed architecture with pitched roofs designed by ARCHSTUDIO in previous years.

用地上曾有一栋木屋，是十多年前典型的木结构产品样式。为了追求更好的空间品质，户主决定对其拆除并在原址新建一座房屋。建筑的基本功能是休闲度假，既可以居住，也可以用来接待客人。

There was originally a wooden house on the site, with a typical structure commonly seen a decade ago. To improve the quality of space, the house owner decided to demolish it and build a new architecture on the site. The newly built house mainly functions as a leisure and vacation space, serving for not only living but also receiving guests.

1 从四合院到四合宅

1 Architectural form derived from traditional Chinese courtyard dwellings

设计概念源自传统居住空间原型——四合院。四合院是一种内向型的建筑，由四向房屋围合一个庭院。建筑外部是封闭的，进入内部则完全开放，这使得个体生活缺乏私密性。结合这个特定场地和度假休闲的使用条件，我们决定把四合院变型成为“四合宅”。在保持四向房屋各自独立的条件下，将“院”置换为有顶的厅，将四面围合转变为四面开放，让厅堂与外部优美的风景互通共存，同时保证个体生活的私密性与接待活动的开放性各得其所。

The design concept is derived from courtyard dwellings (Siheyuan), a kind of traditional Chinese residence. Siheyuan has an inward-facing architectural structure, with buildings arranged around a central courtyard. The exterior of Siheyuan is closed, while the interior courtyard is completely open, which offers little privacy for the occupants. Based on site conditions and the main functions of the project, ARCHSTUDIO decided to construct the house by borrowing and transforming the architectural pattern of traditional Siheyuan. The design team arranged four rooms on different sides in a scattered way, added a roof to the "courtyard" and turned it into a hall, and made the exteriors of the hall transparent and open, thereby letting the hall blend with the pleasant outdoor scenery, and ensuring the privacy of individual living spaces and openness for reception activities.

2 屋中有院，厅外有台

2 Yards inside, terraces outside

整座建筑建立在台基之上，四向房屋分居于台基的四角，共同构建出建筑的领域界限。四个房屋对外封闭，对内则包含不同尺度的内院，为室内提供景观和采光。房屋容纳了住宅中私密性功能和服务空间，比如卧房、书房以及厨房、设备间等，它们相互隔离避免干扰。由四向房屋向内支撑起一片坡屋顶。屋顶之下是一个自由灵活的公共活动区域，会客、就餐、钢琴演奏等公共活动可在此发生。透过透明的玻璃门窗，公共活动亦可向外延伸至四个方向的室外平台，共享周边绿意盎然的风景。

The entire architecture is based on the pedestal, with the four rooms independently set on four corners, together outlining the boundary of the house. The four rooms are all inward-facing, and each of them contains a yard inside. With different scales, those yards bring landscape and natural light into the interior. The house consists of private living areas and service spaces, including bedrooms, study, kitchen, and equipment room, all of which are separate from one another to avoid interference. The four rooms jointly support a pitch roof, under which is a flexible public area for accommodating various activities such as reception, dining and piano playing. Thanks to transparent glass windows and doors, public activities can be extended to the outdoor terraces on four sides, where people can enjoy the refreshing greenery.

3 显现物料的朴素之美

3 Austere beauty of materials

控制空间、结构与材料的逻辑关系，围绕乡村休闲空间的基本特征，呈现物料的本真之美。四间房屋采用钢框架+混凝土板，现浇木模板混凝土顶板直接显现于室内空间之内。墙面使用了一种米黄色页岩砖。设计利用双层清水砖墙构造，在墙内空腔设有保温层，保证热工性能的同时，也保持了内外一体的砖材料肌理和质感，并隐藏结构、空调等设备管线。墙面在庭院部分由实砖渐变为漏砖，让房屋内外保持着光线和空气上的流通。室内外台基地面也全部由米黄色砖铺砌而成。公共空间屋顶采用了木结构密肋梁，屋面覆盖火烧板屋面瓦。木与砖材料的结合，共同营造出室内空间朴素、温暖、自然的氛围，并且由壁炉、餐台和钢琴进一步定义了不同公共活动区域。

ARCHSTUDIO well handled the relationship among space, structure and materials, and tried to present the natural beauty of materials based on the characteristics of rural leisure space. The four rooms use steel framework and concrete slabs, with the wooden formwork of the in-situ concrete slabs exposed in the interior spaces. Beige shale bricks were utilized to construct the walls. The walls are composed of two vertical layers of bricks, with a thermal insulation layer in between, which improves the thermal performance, ensures identical material texture of the interior and exterior brick walls, and hides framework as well as pipes and wires of equipment. In the inner yards, large areas of the brick walls leave hollows, hence allowing natural air ventilation and light penetration. Pedestal surfaces, either inside or outside, are also paved with beige bricks. The pitched roof of the public area adopts wooden ribbed beams, with the rooftop clad in charred wood tiles. The combination of wood and bricks produces an austere, warm and natural interior ambience. In addition, the fireplace, dining table and piano further identify different public activity areas.