OMA新作：卡塔尔国家图书馆正式开放

OMA

4月16日，由OMA设计的卡塔尔国家图书馆正式向公众开放。卡塔尔国家元首 Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al Thani、卡塔尔基金会首席执行官Sheikha Hind bint Hamad al Thani等人列席开幕典礼。

The Qatar National Library (QNL) in Doha, designed by OMA, was officially opened on April 16 by the Emir of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al Thani, Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser, and the CEO of the Qatar Foundation, Sheikha Hind bint Hamad al Thani, in the presence of multiple heads of state from the region and beyond.

卡塔尔国家图书馆可细分为四个部分：国家图书馆、公共图书馆、大学和研究图书馆，以及收藏有珍贵阿拉伯-伊斯兰文明文本、手稿的文化遗产藏区。公共图书馆部分占地42,000平方米，藏有逾百万本书籍，可同时容纳数千名读者。新建成的国家图书馆是卡塔尔“教育新城”的重要组成部分，在未来，此地将设有众多国际一流高校的分校区。OMA在此教育园区的项目还包括卡塔尔基金会总部，以及研究中心的新分部。

QNL encompasses the National Library, the Public Library, the University Library, and the Heritage Collection, which consists of valuable texts and manuscripts related to the Arab-Islamic civilization. The public library houses over a million books and space for thousands of readers over an area of 42,000 m2. The National Library is part of the Education City, a new academic campus which hosts satellite campuses from leading universities and institutions from around the world. Other OMA designed buildings on the new campus include the Qatar Foundation Headquarters and a new branch for the Research Institute.

图书馆被定义成为一个能同时容纳人和书籍的房间。建筑的边缘从地表面被抬起，从而在内部创造了三个能够放置书籍的过道。同时，这三个过道围合形成了一个三角形的中央空间。这样的布局能够让访问者从建筑的中心进入，而不是费力地从建筑的周边进入。过道被设计成一个条状阶台式的地形，形成了一个可以同时进行阅读、社交以及浏览这三种活动的空间。而书架因它被设计而产生的独特“物质性”（书架和地板都采用了白色大理石作为材料）和“基础设施”的状态（书架承担了人工照明、通风、图书回收系统的功能）被理所当然地理解成为了建筑的一部分。

The library is as a single room which houses both people and books. The edges of the building are lifted from the ground creating three aisles which accommodate the book collection and, at the same time, enclose a central triangular space. This configuration also allows the visitor to access the building at its center, rather than laboriously entering from the perimeter. The aisles are designed as a topography of shelving, interspersed with spaces for reading, socializing and browsing. The bookshelves are meant to be part of the building both in terms of materiality – they are made of the same white marble as the floors – and infrastructure – they incorporate artificial lighting, ventilation, and the book retu system.

图书馆的文化遗产藏区则被放置在了整馆的中心位置，一个由米黄色石灰华贴面的，深度达到六米的的空间中。在白色大理石地面的衬映下，这个空间就如同挖掘现场一样。同时，访问者也可以自主地进行选择直接从外部进入藏区参观这些文化遗产。

The heritage collection is placed at the center of the library in a six-meter-deep excavated-like space, cladded in beige travertine. The collection can also operate autonomously, directly accessible from the outside.

雷姆·库哈斯表示，此项目的设计旨在让读者可以一眼望尽此地容纳的所有书籍——你将毫不费力地被淹没于书海之中。图书馆室内空间极为开阔，近乎城市尺度的它得以容纳更多的书籍和阅读者。

Rem Koolhaas: “We designed the space so you can see all the books in a panorama. You emerge immediately surrounded by literally every book – all physically present, visible, and accessible, without any particular effort. The interior is so large it’s on an almost urban scale: it could contain an entire population, and also an entire population of books.”

艾伦·房龙表示，“传统意义上，图书馆是一个因知识交流而充满活力的空间。但在我们所处的时代中，信息已能够被即时地获取。因此，图书馆的‘公众交流空间’角色比以往任何时候都更为重要。我们通过这个从地面往下挖的、考古遗址一般的文化遗产图书馆，向这个地区具有的丰富文化致敬，让访问者去学习和审视这个具有历史意义的、无价的伊斯兰文明。”

Ellen van Loon: “Classically, libraries were vibrant spaces for the exchange of knowledge. With the immediate accessibility of information in the current era, the library’s role as public meeting space is more significant than ever. We pay tribute to the region’s rich culture with the Heritage Library, excavated from the ground like an archeological site, holding historical and priceless Islamic texts for visitors to study and contemplate.”

卡塔尔国家图书馆是OMA对图书馆设计之兴趣的最新实现，这一关注可追溯至1989年法国国家图书馆竞赛时。继西雅图中央图书馆、法国亚历克西斯图书馆（Bibliothèque Alexis de Tocqueville in Caen）之后，这是OMA建成的第三座图书馆建筑。

Qatar National library is the latest expression of OMA’s long-term interest in the library, which goes back to the competition for the National Library of France in 1989. Following the Seattle Central Library in the US and the Bibliothèque Alexis de Tocqueville in Caen, France, this is the third library built by OMA.

项目负责人：雷姆·库哈斯，艾伦·房龙，Iyad Alsaka, Vincent Kersten and Gary Owen。

The project was led by Rem Koolhaas, Ellen van Loon, Iyad Alsaka, Vincent Kersten and Gary Owen.

Status: Completed

Location: Doha, Qatar

Site: Qatar Education City

Client: Qatar Foundation

Dates:
Design development: 2008 - 2010
Start of construction: September 2012
Completion: September 2017
Occupancy: October 2017

Program
Collections: 21.000 m2
Reading space: 3500 m2
Exhibition space: 1500 m2
Administration and offices: 3.000 m2
Children’s Library: 800 m2
Restaurant: 600 m2
Special Event Area: 600 m2

Dimensions
Gross floor area: 45.000 m2
Net floor area: 32.000 m2
Gross volume: 304.704 m3

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