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大湾区最大的“屋顶花园”:深圳湾体育训练基地 / Crossboundaries

大湾区最大的“屋顶花园”:深圳湾体育训练基地 / Crossboundaries
编辑:李博超 | 校对:李博超 | 2021.12.06 14:28
鸟瞰训练基地  摄影:白羽

设计单位  Crossboundaries

项目地点  广东深圳

竣工时间  2021年7月

基地面积  7.7万平方米


 

在过去40年里,深圳从一个小渔村发展成为中国最具创新性的现代化城市之一,其人口也从几千人迅速增长到今天的1700多万,这里已然发展成为一个世界级的超级城市。

 

这是一个充满活力的城市,超过33%的深圳人的年纪不到30岁。生活工作在这人口稠密的大都市,人们更加需要休闲和娱乐空间。而深圳全年气候宜人,也为户外空间的最大化利用提供了契机。因此,城市体育花园空间应运而生,成为提供绿色基础设施和促进当地活动的重要元素。

 

▲ 视频介绍  ©Crossboundaries

 

此次改造项目位于蛇口,这里也是一处重要的交通枢纽,可通过多种交通工具前往香港。无数人流车流在此经行,熙熙攘攘。当地政府规划翻新深圳地铁2号线运转综合楼和停车场共1.2公里长的屋顶,在此基础上打造体育训练及休闲的场所。

 

基地位置  ©Crossboundaries

项目位于地铁停车场上部屋顶  摄影:白羽

在深圳市基石教育基金会主导下,项目迅速开展。此次设计主要希望利用现有的屋顶区域,让建筑物更好地融入周围的环境。同时,设计全程也在积极探索这一问题——21世纪的城市更新能为城市带来什么?不断发展的丰富物质环境,最终必将匹配个人需求与公众关联性空间。

 

项目的挑战在于满足不同用户群体的需求:提高周边学校的体育教学质量;为青少年提供专业安全运动的场所;为专业体育赛事和比赛提供便利的设施。在对项目要求和原址的初步分析中,设计团队着手解决如下问题:

 

改造过程示意  ©Crossboundaries
项目鸟瞰  摄影:白羽

 

01

建立环境一致性

设计团队从宏观、中观、微观层面,着手建立环境上的一致性。在宏观层面,团队首先审视排查了项目的整体城市环境,再逐渐细化到场地,以及与河流和海湾之间的潜在通道;在中观层面,团队对于连接相关的周边教育、商业和住宅设施区域进行详细调查;最后在微型层面,落实到设计场地之上,团队梳理地铁设施的建筑情况,制定针对性的改造方案。

总平面图  ©Crossboundaries
俯瞰训练基地  摄影:白羽

1.2公里长的延伸建筑群,最宽处为70米,最窄处为50米,完全阻断了附近社区对于海湾的视觉穿透,即不增加任何美学价值,也不服务于特定的功能目的,于社区而言几乎没有任何的实际意义。

 

而新的运动训练区势必要融入周围环境,同附近的住宅和教育建筑连接起来。尽管天桥、桥梁和走廊的实施不是初始范围和第一建设阶段的设计任务,团队仍然将其纳入考量,以此建立更为紧密的城市连接。

 

改造后的训练基地  摄影:白羽
天桥等设施的引入  摄影:白羽

站台的总屋顶面积为73,000平方米(项目总面积接近77,000平方米),为提供尽可能多的活动场所提供了必要条件,既能容纳更多的大型活动(例如体育比赛及其观众),也为安静休憩提供舒适场所。

 

基地尺度示意  ©Crossboundaries
宽大的屋面尺度为多元活动的置入提供了基础  摄影:白羽

合伙人建筑师董灏解释道:“设计的情况非常特殊,在中国,类似的基础设施常由官方管理,很难开放给公共使用。这个细长的屋顶有着巨大的潜力,可以改造成一个体育训练基地,供更广泛的青少年来使用,同时丰富优化周围的城市环境。”

 

设计概念示意  ©Crossboundaries

 

02

城市活动的催化平台

交织的程序功能

新项目开发的受益者确定为特定的用户群体——青少年、本地职业体育俱乐部、周边学校及深圳各类体育赛事。因此,设计团队将地块细分为三类功能,与各类用户群体身处的环境紧密相连:一个面向青少年的体育训练;一处供毗邻的学校使用,发挥教育功能;最后一处用于山花俱乐部的体育训练。

 

功能策划示意  ©Crossboundaries
可满足不同人群的训练需求  摄影:白羽

建筑师根据基地周边不同的教育功能,将线性训练基地分为了4个不同部分,分别为职业体育比赛训练区、周边学校的运动设施、专供休闲健身的区域和绿地空间。

 

服务于两所学校的区域设置了5个网球场、6个篮球场,以及2个五人制足球场,区域内还包括3条跑道,长度分别为460米、160米和200米;专业比赛和训练区配备了2个草地球场、6个赛级网球场、4个训练场地,以及2个红土场和2个排球场;服务于社区的部分设有绿地和一个标准尺寸的足球场。

 

足球场  摄影:白羽
篮球场  摄影:白羽

进入与连接

场地内共有6个通道通向基地顶层,训练基地所有入口和通道都紧邻不同的功能区,规避了不必要的干扰。作为主要入口的北端和南端可从底层直接进入,满足较大流量的通行需要。

 

屋顶连接性分析  ©Crossboundaries

在屋顶主体,三个主要路径——休闲路径、行人路径和运动路径促进了流通,这些路径偶尔交叉、连接并“生长”,为其他功能提供服务。它们可以通过建筑材料区分标识:大部分人行道是采用了不同色调的灰色天然石材铺装,而休闲步道大部分是用棕色木材覆盖,运动跑道则选用了蓝色橡胶表面。

 

绿地与步道的设置  摄影:白羽

提供人性化的定位

像深圳湾项目一样,沿着线性训练基地开发的标识系统必须促进导航,并克服极其线性的场地看似重复的特征。团队应用前面的分析结果设计了一个标识系统,该系统适用于宏观、中观和微观尺度。

 

标识设计概念示意  ©Crossboundaries

入口处分配有宏观标牌,突出显示并确保从底层和远处都能被明确看见。细长的标牌沿着带状分布,帮助用户在长长的线性平台上定位自己和彼此。标牌塔沿着条带以100米的增量放置,指示位于该区域的设施,并提供相对于南北入口的位置的概念。塔的顶部有数字——100、200、300 等,标志着一个人走过的距离。

 

 

百米分段标识  ©Crossboundaries

百米分段标识实拍  摄影:白羽

最后,微型标志可识别100米标记内的特定目的地。长凳、垃圾桶等这些标志各不相同,形式清晰可见。

 

微型标识  ©Crossboundaries

微观标识实拍  摄影:白羽

 

03

不断变化的人性体验

团队将教育机构与训练基地的概念结合在一起,以独特的方式将体育活动与景观相连。当地的全景也得以充分利用,设计团队捕捉大海的景色,为屋顶花园赋予不断变化的独特景观,放大游览过程中的视觉体验。人们从中可以欣赏到周围的城市景观——深圳天际线与深圳湾。附近住宅区的居民也可以俯瞰场地,共享屋顶花园带来的景致。

 

流线与绿化  ©Crossboundaries
直面后海高层建筑群的景观视野  摄影:白羽

场地内丰沛的绿化设置  摄影:白羽

作为城市街区不可或缺的部分,这处屋顶上的运动场提供了各种娱乐选择,吸引着所有青少年用户,散发着无限的活力。部分高架的休闲步道不仅整合了配套设施,更提供了观赛、训练、欣赏深圳湾美景的绝佳机会。

高架休闲步道  摄影:白羽

以人为本的设计宗旨,更凸显出项目建筑语言之魅力,这不仅体现在连接社区和促进不同使用场景的整体功能布局上,还体现在材料的选择和环境、可持续原则的应用上。

 

建筑、桥梁和栏杆采用轻质、可渗透的结构。包括体育场所有看台在内,设计使用了大量的木材。沿着小径种植的绿色植物不仅为运动场提供了遮荫,还有助于排水,改善屋顶的微气候条件。

 

球场与看台  摄影:白羽
微环境的塑造  ©Crossboundaries

 

结语

 

通过如此硕大的体育训练基地的设计开发,团队在深圳创造了一个重要的交汇点,既加强了不同群体之间多方面交流互动,也在人口稠密的城市空间中完成了教育的使命。此次设计不仅要在建筑周围营造淡绿色的氛围,更希望实现健康的城市生活方式,与城市的年轻、创新、活力的性格相辅相成。

 

训练基地夜景  摄影:白羽

屋顶花园的开发已成为城市社区的一个动人的组成部分,其与基础设施深度融合,提供一览无余的景观视野。合伙人建筑师Binke Lenhardt认为:“此次设计就像一块缺失的拼图,和谐融入了毗邻的社区。它在城市组织和海滨之间起到肉眼可见的联系,并满足青少年及周边学校对在密集的城市环境中不断增长的空间需求。”

 

训练基地夜景  摄影:白羽

剖面图  ©Crossboundaries

 

附文:

项目英文介绍

 

Shenzhen developed within the past 40 years, from a tiny fishing village, to one of the most innovative, modern cities in China. With a rapid population growth from just a few thousand, to around 17 million inhabitants today, it has evolved into a thriving megalopolis. More than 33% of its very young population - averaging just under 30 years old - lives in these densely populated metropolitan surroundings, hence urban parks, as well as spaces for leisure and recreation, are essential components to provide green infrastructure and to contribute to the well-being of local communities. With Shenzhen’s year-round comfortable climate, these outdoor recreational spaces can be utilized to their greatest extent.

 

One of the areas the local government had foreseen to be transformed into a sports & leisure zone, was the 1.2 km long rooftop of the Southern terminal and depot building of Shenzhen's Metro Line 2, which leads to Shekou, a major crossing point to neighboring Hong Kong by ferry, bus, car or train.

 

The main goal of the project was to make use of the existing, yet previously unutilized rooftop area and to integrate the building better into the fabric of its surroundings, all whilst rethinking the civic function of urban design in the 21st century.One of the challenges was to accommodate the needs of different user groups: first, to improve the quality of physical education in the surrounding schools, second, to provide places for the general public to enjoy leisurely sports, and third, to establish facilities for professional sports events and competitions with an audience.

 

Crossboundaries partnered with the Shenzhen Nanshan District Government, and furthermore, creating an elevated sports and leisure park on top of it.

 

The actual depot itself is primarily used for maintenance of the Metro trains (cleaning, repair, technical inspections etc.), and contains also administrative areas, such as the crew center, the signal office, equipment rooms and such.

 

The realized concept consists of a sequenced stretch of numerous sports facilities, combined with a park for recreation, built on an existing part of the city’s infrastructure. In line with the original intention of the architects, a public, accessible space was created, complementing a previously fragmented urban context.

 

In the initial analysis of the project requirements and the original site, Crossboundaries set out to address three main aspects:

 

 

Contextual consistency - on a Macro, Meso, Micro Level

 

The architects started with reviewing the overall urban context of the project (macro). Then, continued with gradually zooming in on the local circumstances of the site, examining the surrounding educational, commercial and residential facilities in relation to potential accesses and connections in between the river and the bay area (meso). Finally, on the given design site, they also reassessed the existing building of the Metro terminal including its parking (micro).

 

The first challenge is the 1,2 km long stretched building complex. With an overall height of about 15 m, a width of 70 m at the widest and 50 m at the narrowest point, the original complex completely cut off nearby neighborhoods from accessing the bay, neither adding any aesthetic value nor serving a specific functional purpose.

 

The next consideration was how to integrate the new sports and leisure zone into its surroundings, and how to connect it with residential and educational buildings located in the immediate neighborhood. This also became part of the overall investigation, though the implementation of fly-overs, bridges and corridors was not part of the initial scope nor the first construction phase.

 

Furthermore, the overall roof surface area of 73,000 m2 (with a total project area close to 77,000 m2) was intended to provide spatial solutions, for both open and enclosed zones, to allow for more dynamic activities (e.g., sports, competitions and their supporting facilities), as well as for more static, "quiet" ones (e.g., recreation, enjoyment of nature).

 

We were confronted with very exceptional circumstances”, explains Hao Dong, co-founder and partner at Crossboundaries, “in China, infrastructure and traffic related areas usually belong to the government and are not meant to be assigned any public use at all. This elongated rooftop presented itself with huge potential to be transformed into a usable park, accessible to a wider public, enriching the urban environment around it.”

 

 

Intertwined programmatic functions - A catalyst platform

3 specific user groups were identified as beneficiaries of the new project development - the general public, local professional sports clubs (tennis and volleyball in particular), as well as 3 educational institutions: the Shenzhen Nanshan Foreign Language School and the Shenzhen Bay School, which composes of an Elementary and a Junior High program.

Crossboundaries proposed to subdivide the plot into 3 programmatic zones for the 3 different user groups, all of which tightly link with their immediate surroundings: one for the general public, for social & cultural interaction; one for use of the adjacent schools only, fulfilling educational functions; finally, one for professional sports, for training activities and hosting of competitions with audience.

 

Special emphasis was put on the fact that all 3 user scenarios can take place in parallel. The dedicated areas need to allow being closed off for a limited audience or opened up to a wider one at certain times.

 

Each of the programmatic areas was developed with a varied and balanced mix of sports, leisure, support & service (changing rooms, coach and referee areas), as well as green functions, resulting in an overall integrated sports- and playscape.

 

The segmentation of the long-stretched sports park was influenced by the adjacent educational institutions. Ultimately, the architects divided the rooftop stretch into 5 segments: the northernmost part is dedicated to the Shenzhen Nanshan Foreign Language School, followed by the Professional Sports Competition and Training zone, then the facilities for Shenzhen Bay School’s North Campus and South Campus, ending with an area dedicated to the general public for leisure, fitness and greenery. In a functional sense, the strip satisfies needs of multiple user groups for sport and leisure facilitation, becoming a linear recreation hub serving the neighborhood.

 

In total, for all the schools, 5 tennis and 6 basketball courts, as well as 2 Five-a-side fields, were placed. Included are also several running tracks (460m, 160m and a 200m straight one). The competition and training area for professionals was equipped with 2 lawn courts, 6 competitive tennis courts, 4 training and 2 clay courts, and 2 volleyball courts. The community segment features green areas as well as a full-size soccer field.

Access and Connections

All entrances and accesses, to the rooftop park, are located in direct vicinity to different functional areas, whilst preventing unnecessary interference, reachable via 6 access points in total.

 

Vertical connections make the North and the South end directly accessible from the ground floor, inviting the general public up to the roof.

 

School access happens exclusively via crossovers, leading directly onto the rooftop. They are attached to 3 secondary public entrances, in the form of elevators and staircases, for additional access from the street level.

 

On the rooftop itself, circulation is facilitated by three main paths that occasionally intersect, connect and “grow” into other functions: Leisure path, Pedestrian path and Sports path (running/skating). The paths are also distinguished by material. Most of the pedestrian walkway is made of stone pavement, while the leisure trail is mostly covered with timber and the sports track with a rubber surface.

 

Providing Orientation on a human scale

The development of a wayfinding and signage system along a very long strip, like in the case of the Shenzhen Bay project, has to facilitate navigation and overcome the seemingly repetitive character of an extremely linear site.

 

Applying the results of the previous analysis, Crossboundaries designed a signage system applied on the macro, meso and micro scale.

 

Macro scale signage is assigned to the entrances, highlighting them and ensuring they are visible from the ground floor and from afar.

 

Meso scale signs are deployed along the strip and helping users to locate themselves (and each other) on the long, linear platform. Signage pylons are placed in 100m increments along the strip, indicating the facilities that are located in that very stretch and giving an idea of one’s position relative to the North and the South entrance. The top parts of the pylons have numbers – 100, 200, 300, etc. - marking the distance one has walked.

 

Finally, micro scale signs identify specific destinations within those 100m marks. They define meeting points, whilst at the same time serving as functional objects, in the form of benches, light cubes, garbage cans, and the like.

 

 

An Ever-changing Experience

As the sports strip is an attractive addition to the urban neighborhood, offering a variety of recreational options, it attracts users of all profiles and ages, ensuring that the area is used throughout the day by a diverse audience.

 

The strip also adds the visual experience from the Skypark itself, from which the surrounding urban landscapes, the Shenzhen skyline and the Bay area, can be enjoyed.

 

The inhabitants of the nearby residential compounds also benefit from beautiful views towards the East, looking over Crossboundaries’ design of the roof park.

 

Crossboundaries’ concept brings educational institutions together with the local community in a unique combination of sports and recreational offers, tied together with the landscape. Additionally, it makes use of utilizing the local panorama, capturing vistas towards the sea, presenting an ever-changing experience.

 

The partially elevated recreational trail not only integrates the supporting facilities, but also provides an excellent place to view competitions, training sessions and to enjoy the views of the Shenzhen Bay.

 

 

Humanization & Diversification

 

Crossboundaries’ design language distinguishes itself once more through the integration of predominantly human aspects. All of this becomes visible, not only in the overall functional layout connecting communities and facilitating different usage scenarios, but also through the choice of materials and the application of environmental, sustainable principles. The project uses lots of wood, including all the tribunes in the stadium, lots of green areas, the use of light, permeable architectural structures, not only for buildings but also bridges, and rails. The greenery planted along the pathways both, provides shade and contributes to efficient drainage and microclimate conditions.

 

Crossboundaries' solution is a green accent in its surroundings which aims to enable a healthy urban lifestyle that goes hand-in-hand with the city’s youthful, entrepreneurial and dynamic character. The roof park development has become an attractive addition to the urban neighborhood, interwoven in its infrastructure and seen as a community jewel that many of the surrounding high-rise buildings have a direct view on.

 

“Our linear park is like a missing puzzle that plugs into the neighboring communities,” concludes Binke Lenhardt, the other co-founder of Crossboundaries. “It creates the necessary physical and visual link between the urban tissue and the seaside, and - along the way - aims to satisfy the schools’ and the public’s ever growing need for recreational spaces and room to breathe in a dense, urban environment.”

 

Tasked to develop such a large scaled sports and recreational park rooftop, Crossboundaries created an essential meeting point in Shenzhen that enhances social and cultural interaction between different groups of Shenzhen’s diverse urban population. The project succeeds in fulfilling its educational mandate and advocates for sports and wellness in general, in a densely populated urban space.

 

 

完整项目信息

项目名称:深圳湾体育训练基地

项目地址:中国,广东省,深圳市,南山区

基地全长:1.2千米

基地面积:7.7万平米

设计周期:2016年5月—2017年7月

建设周期:2018年3月—2021年6月

竣工时间:2021年7月

客户:深圳市南山区政府投资项目前期工作办公室

建筑、景观、室内、标识设计:Crossboundaries

Crossboundaries 合伙人建筑师:蓝冰可 (Binke Lenhardt) 、董灏

Crossboundaries 设计阶段项目团队:周业伦、谈可斌、方若、郝洪漪、高旸、David Eng、肖载源、王旭东

Crossboundaries 竞赛阶段项目团队:Tracey Loontjens、高旸、Libny Pacheco、Aniruddha Mukherjee、谈可斌、于扬、周业伦、金茶璇、王旭东

合作设计方:北建院建筑设计(深圳)有限公司、深圳柏丽阳景观与建筑设计有限公司

摄影及影像素材:白羽、深圳罗汉摄影工作室

影像编辑:Crossboundaries


版权声明:本文由Crossboundaries授权发布。欢迎转发,禁止以有方编辑版本转载。
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