折叠空间：20平方米小宅改造 / 大观建筑设计

编辑：崔婧 | 2020.04.20 13:00

设计单位 DAGA Architects大观建筑设计

项目地点 北京

建筑面积 20平方米

设计时间 2018

本文文字由设计单位提供。

在北京，除了胡同这种地域性居住建筑类型，红砖民居也是老北京的城市肌理中不可或缺的一部分。这类建筑大都建于上世纪，是北京兴起的第一批楼房住宅，也形成了最初的居住小区模式。但是这些房子如今却年久失修，破败简陋，功能上也不尽如人意，缺少起居会客功能、卫生间厨房狭小等问题逐渐暴露，现在已经难以满足年轻人生活的需求，目前大多是孤寡老人和外来劳工遮风避雨的居所。

In Beijing, in addition to Hutongs, a type of regional residential architecture, red brick dwellings are also an indispensable part of the urban texture of old Beijing. Most of these buildings were built in the last century, and they are the first batch of buildings and dwellings in Beijing, and they also formed the initial residential community model. However, these houses are now in disrepair, dilapidated and shabby, and their functions are not satisfactory. Problems such as the lack of living functions and the narrow kitchen of bathrooms have been gradually exposed, and now it is difficult to meet the needs of young people. At present, most of them are shelter for lonely elderly people and migrant workers.

北京红砖民居 Red brick dwellings in Beijing 摄影：史云峰

生活容器 | Living container

项目位于首钢古路小区的一幢红砖居民楼的三层，面积约20平方米。在这极为宝贵的小空间内，卫生间显得很狭小局促，其余空间仅有厨房和走廊，以及一间卧室。在这20平方米内，不仅承担着女主人的一日三餐起居生活，还需兼顾她外出留学的儿子回家探亲时的临时休憩的需求。空间虽小，却是一家人感情的寄托，也是他们生活的容纳器。但是在使用中，却是对这个家又爱又恨，使用中的诸多不便，已经让这座年迈的老房子逐渐被家人所“诟病”。如何重建一家人的精神居所，如何在小空间中完成所有的居住需求，是我们此次改造的一大挑战。

The project is located on the third floor of a red brick residential building in Shougang Road, with an area of about 20 square meters. In this extremely precious small space, the bathroom appears to be very small and cramped, with only the kitchen and hallway, as well as a bedroom. 20 square meters, not only undertakes the hostess's daily life of three meals a day, but also needs to take into account the need for temporary rest when her son, who is studying abroad, comes home. Although the space is small, it is not only the sustenance of the family's feelings, but also the receptive device of their lives. However, in use, it is love and hate for this family, and many inconveniences in use have made this old house gradually "criticized" by the family. How to rebuild the family's spiritual residence and how to meet all the living needs in a small space is a major challenge for our renovation.

改造前“小”宅的空间都与功能无法匹配，尽是一副“柴米油盐”压倒“诗和远方”的景象，屋内储物空间拥挤不堪，杂乱堆砌。蹲位盖板淋浴，床沿端坐待客，茶桌蜷缩在床头，缝纫机藏身厚尘中，爱好游戏漫画的儿子的“霜之哀伤”淹没在瓶瓶罐罐中，没有了昔日的光芒......女主人每天重复生活中的动作，脑海内浮现着儿子从蹒跚学步到漂洋学艺的背影。一家人苦恼于家里的功能缺失、狭小不便、视线阻隔，都非常希望有一间足够大的储物间，避免之前将厨房吊柜充当鞋柜的“滑稽”情况。

Before the transformation, the space of the "small" house could not match its function, and it was full of daily necessities of day overwhelmed by "poems and dreams". The storage space in the house was crowded and cluttered. Squat cover shower, bed edge sitting, tea table curled up at the head of the bed, sewing machine hiding in the thick dust, game cartoon-loving son's "Frost sadness" submerged in bottles and cans, lost the light of the past. The hostess repeats the movements of her life every day, with the back of her son from a toddler to a foreign learner. The family is worried about the lack of function, narrow inconvenience and line of sight at home, and they all want to have a storage room big enough to avoid the "funny" situation of using kitchen cabinets as shoe cabinets.

视线通透 | Transparent line of sight

空间的狭小，经常会让人感觉压抑、拥挤、不舒适，从视觉上压缩了空间的“体量感”。所以在这次的改造中，我们首先要做的就是让室内的视线通透起来。但是这种老旧的小户型住宅，由于其结构限制，室内的隔墙结构几乎不能改动。在此前提下，我们调整布局，梳理流线，让空间显得更加通透。让“小”宅看着“小”用着却“五脏俱全”，“视线通透”“折叠家具”“储物收纳”等关键词成为了设计的要点。

The narrowness of the space often makes people feel depressed, crowded and uncomfortable, which visually compresses the "sense of mass" of the space. So in this transformation, the first thing we need to do is to make the indoor line of sight transparent. However, due to the structural limitations of this old small house, the indoor partition structure can hardly be changed. Under this premise, we adjust the layout and comb the streamline to make the space appear more transparent. Let the "small" house look at the "small" but "complete with five internal organs", "transparent line of sight", "folding furniture", "storage" and other key words have become the main points of the design.

空间内部，卧室的进门处是全屋的一个中心位置，也是一个交通的中心点，从这里可以通往家里的其他功能区域，所以我们首先在这里做了重新的布局。客厅、厨房和卫生间的门都使用折叠门和推拉门，在材质上也尽量选择玻璃，在不影响空间私密性的同时消减各功能空间的隔阂感和局促感。将原本封闭空间改变成了开放式或半开放式空间，这样会让室内的视线通透，营造“大”空间的体验感。

Inside the space, the entrance of the bedroom is not only a central location of the whole house, but also a central point of traffic, which can lead to other functional areas of the home, so we first made a new layout here. The doors of the living room, kitchen and bathroom all use folding doors and sliding doors, and choose glass as far as possible in the material, so as not to affect the privacy of the space while reducing the sense of isolation and embarrassment of each functional space. The original closed space has been changed into an open or semi-open space, which will make the indoor line of sight transparent and create a sense of experience of the "big" space.

折叠空间 | Folding space

空间规划分析图 Spatial planning analysis diagram ©DAGA Architects大观建筑设计

通透性解决了空间内部的视线问题，小空间里还有一个急需解决的问题，那就是收纳需求。将室内的物品进行归纳储藏，让空间的秩序感以及整洁性大大增加，以此达到让小空间显得更加“大”的目的。

Transparency solves the problem of line of sight inside the space. Another problem that needs to be solved in the small space is storage needs. Storage can not only solve the needs of use, but also can store the indoor objects, so that the sense of order and cleanliness of the space is greatly increased, so as to achieve the purpose of making the small space bigger.

折叠空间与收纳系统分析图 Analysis diagram of folding space and storage system ©DAGA Architects大观建筑设计

20平方米的空间内，我们的储物策略不仅是增加储物柜，还对高处的空间进行了利用，最大的亮点是进行了折叠家具的设计，让一个空间能够有多种复合的用途，增加空间利用率。每一个功能空间内，我们都设置了两个状态，即——“折叠态”与“活动态”。折叠态为一种日常生活中更为常用的状态，能够满足女主人一个人的所有需求，整个效果是房间内整洁且具有通透性，而启用“活动态”时，储物空间与功能空间时增加，满足临时的使用需求，使用后还可以继续折叠起来，空间灵活多变。

With a space of 20 square meters, our storage strategy is not only to increase the lockers, but also to make use of the high space. The biggest highlight is the design of folding furniture, so that a space can have a variety of compound uses and increase the utilization rate of the space. In each functional space, we have set up two states, namely, "folded state" and "active state". The folding state is a more commonly used state in daily life, which can meet all the needs of the hostess alone, and the whole effect is that the room is clean and permeable, while when dynamic is enabled, the storage space and functional space are increased to meet temporary use needs, and can continue to be folded up after use, and the space is flexible and changeable.

厨房入口的隐藏式折叠桌 A hidden folding table at the entrance to the kitchen 摄影：史云峰

改造中，我们对厨房原本的L型操作台面进行了重新设计，调整暖气、电壁炉和洗菜池的上下水位置，让厨房内的活动流线更加简洁方便。厨房台面的上下位置都增加了储物柜，储藏能力大大增加。上方的柜体设置为下拉式的碟柜，使用更方便，身高不高的女主人也可以轻松的拿取上方柜体的物品。厨房内也为洗衣机设置了容身之处。整体白色的色调，让空间在视觉上显得更加宽敞。

In the renovation, we redesigned the original L-shaped operating table of the kitchen, and adjusted the water position of the heating, the electric fireplace and the vegetable washing pool, so as to make the active streamline in the kitchen more concise and convenient. And lockers are added to the upper and lower positions of the kitchen countertop, which greatly increases the storage capacity of the kitchen. The upper cabinet is set as a pull-down cabinet, which is more convenient to use. for the hostess who is not tall, you can also easily take the items from the upper cabinet. There is also a shelter for the washing machine in the kitchen. The overall white tone makes the space more spacious visually.

厨房折叠空间分析图 Folding space analysis diagram of kitchen ©DAGA Architects大观建筑设计

结合厨房的门洞设计了一个壁挂隐藏式折叠桌，可以直接下拉折叠，就形成了一个小台面，既可以作为操作台，又是方便早餐或下午茶的小吧台。

Combined with the doorway of the kitchen, a wall-hanging hidden folding table is designed, which can be pulled down and folded directly to form a small countertop, which can not only be used as an operating table, but also a small bar for breakfast or afternoon tea.

可调节高度电动吊柜 Adjustable height electric hanging cabinet 摄影：史云峰

走廊场景分析图 Corridor scene analysis diagram ©DAGA Architects大观建筑设计

厨房外的的走廊上方，设计了电动的吊柜，可以调节高度，利用顶部的位置储藏物品，既不占用下方人行的空间，木色的材质也与整体的风格形成一体，给人以温馨的感觉。电动的收纳也更加适合老人使用，免去了要踩凳子的危险。

At the top of the corridor outside the kitchen, an electric hanging cabinet is designed, which can adjust the height and use the position at the top to store goods, neither occupying the space of the pedestrian below, and the wood-colored material is also integrated with the overall style, giving people a warm feeling. Electric storage is also more suitable for the elderly to avoid the danger of stepping on stools.

卫生间外侧玻璃折叠门（左）与卫生间内部（右）Bathroom outside glass folding door (left) and bathroom interior (right) 摄影：史云峰

卫生间采用折叠玻璃门，折叠门可以减少空间的占用，适合这样的小空间住宅。玻璃外侧贴膜保证私密性，同时也在玻璃下沿处留白，老人使用卫生间滑倒时能及时被察觉。

Bathroom uses folding glass door, folding door can reduce the occupation of space, suitable for such a small space residence. The film on the outside of the glass ensures privacy and leaves a blank at the edge of the glass to prevent the elderly from slipping when using the toilet.

入户处正好有一个结构形成的凹龛，我们将这里放置了定制的盥洗盆和触摸圆镜，紧临卫生间，可以方便洗漱的同时，做到干湿分离。这面圆镜正对客厅区域的入口处，给整个空间增加了纵深感，拉大视觉上的空间体验。

There is a structured alcove at the entrance, where we have placed a customized wash basin and touch round mirror. Immediately next to the bathroom, it is convenient to wash and at the same time, achieve dry and wet separation. Moreover, this round mirror is directly at the entrance of the living room area, adding a sense of depth to the entire space and expanding the visual space experience.

客厅与卧室作为家里最重要的空间，在这个20平方米的空间内合二为一，虽然并不独立，但是我们也尽量让使用者在这个空间内能有更多的功能体验，能更好的体验生活。

Living room and bedroom, as the most important space at home, merge into one in this 20-square-meter space, although it is not independent, but we also try our best to let users have more functional experience and better experience life in this space.

客厅与卧室可变空间分析图 Variable space analysis diagram of living room and bedroom ©DAGA Architects大观建筑设计

客厅与卧室区域结合，墙面地面见缝插针地置入储物收纳空间，考虑到人体工程学同时，增加电动和折叠设计，是操作简易便利，节省空间。女主人的床与衣柜、储物柜一体化设计，并且在床龛内设置折叠壁灯，方便夜间照明。床尾的衣柜，设计了一个抽拉式的书桌，使用时只需要轻轻拉出桌面板即可，非常方便，床龛内的折叠壁灯也可以为这个书桌提供照明，让业主多了一处夜读的选择。

The living room and bedroom area are combined with the wall and ground to insert the storage space into the storage space. Considering the ergonomics at the same time, adding electric and folding design is simple and convenient to operate and save space. The hostess' bed is integrated with the wardrobe and lockers, and a folding wall lamp is set in the niche to facilitate night-time lighting. The closet at the end of the bed is designed with a pull-out desk. When you use it, you only need to gently pull out the desktop board. It is very convenient. The folding wall lamp in the niche can also provide lighting for this desk, giving the owner an extra night. Reading options.

儿子卧室区域——折叠沙发床 Son bedroom area-folding sofa bed 摄影：史云峰

折叠沙发床结合壁橱一体化的安置，作为儿子归国居住时的临时床榻。平日则可以折叠起来，作为沙发使用，这一区域也被规划为了客厅。

The folding sofa bed combined with the closet integration is used as a temporary bed when the son returns home. On weekdays, it can be folded up and used as a sofa. This area is also planned as a living room.

客厅区域——窗边可折叠桌 Living room area-foldable table by the window 摄影：史云峰

改造前，业主愧于没有客厅邀请朋友做客，改造后我们在靠窗位置设计了一个折叠餐桌，面板展开，可以满足四到五人就餐，也能用来进行休闲的牌棋娱乐等活动，成为家中一个可以聚会休闲的区域。

Before the renovation, the owner was ashamed that there was no living room to invite friends. After the transformation, we designed a folding table near the window, with panels expanded, which can be used for four to five people to eat, and can also be used for leisure chess entertainment and other activities. become an area at home where you can party and relax.

窗台一侧结合飘窗设计了电动晾衣架，方便女主人使用，并且在窗台放置盆景，增加空间内的绿意生机。

One side of the windowsill is combined with floating windows to design an electric clothes rack for the hostess to use, and bonsai is placed on the windowsill to increase the green vitality in the space.

适老策略 | Aging strategy

女业主常年独居在这个小房子里，儿子远在海外没办法亲身照顾她，所以我们在室内也增加了一些适老化的设计，保证业主在使用时的安全。在入户门旁以及卧室的柜子上，都安装了地面感应灯，在夜间的时候，无需控制，感应即可亮起，减少老人摔倒的可能性。卫生间玻璃门下沿处的留白，也是为了老人使用卫生间滑倒时能及时被察觉。

The female owner lives alone in this small house all the year round, and her son is unable to take care of her overseas, so we have also added some aging designs in the renovation to ensure the safety of the owners in use. The floor sensor lights installed near the door and on the cabinets in the bedroom can light up without control at night, reducing the possibility of the elderly falling down. The white space under the glass door of the bathroom is also for the elderly to be detected when they slip in the bathroom.

其实在每个城市都有很多这样的老旧小区亟待改造。对于设计师来说，这种“家”的改造会更有分量，对于居住者来说，家是她们的精神居所，是承载所有过往以及当下生活的容器。每个住宅都该去满足居住者的需求，既然人是不一样的，家就应该是多种多样的。我们此次的20平方米小宅改造，也是想要在平凡的生活中，为业主营造一个更加舒适便捷的生活方式。

In fact, there are many such old neighborhoods in every city that need to be rebuilt. For designers, this transformation of "home" will carry more weight. For residents, home is their spiritual residence and a container for all past and present life. Every house should meet the needs of the occupants. Since the people are different, the home should be varied. 20-square-meter house is changed to create a more comfortable and convenient way of life for the owners in the ordinary life.

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