田坊三变：嘉兴喜悦公社设计解读 / 安道设计·赞建筑

编辑：朱英蓓（实习生）；校对：周洁茹 | 2019.07.02 11:11

设计单位 安道设计·赞建筑

项目地址 浙江省嘉兴市南湖区七星街道潭湘路

用地面积 2000平方米

建设时间 2018.05—2018.07

在中国的城市经历了巨量的建设急进、伴生出诸多失望和矛盾之后，中国的建筑师们在乡村建设这个问题上显得小心翼翼。如果说中国当代的城市化还有一些国外经验可以搬抄，中国的现代乡村营造则完全一张自定义的考卷，目前只见单点突破，不见树木成林。

After Chinese cities experienced a rapid progress in construction, accompanying with a lot of disappointments and problems, Chinese architects begin to appear cautious when they treat with rural construction. If it is believed that contemporary urbanization in China could mostly learn something from western foreign, then the construction of countryside is believed undefined.

在这样的时代背景下，我们就不难理解安道设计在嘉兴项目上面临的挑战：这是一处占地2000平方米的农业玻璃大棚，多年失修，急待改造。

Under such time background, we can easily understand the challenges Antao architects faced with, in Jiaxing project, it is an agricultural glass greenhouse, covering an area of 2000㎡. It has been out of repair for many years, waiting for reconstructing eagerly.

如何顾及其有限的造价和快速的建造周期，在不破坏原有场地和建筑尺度的前提下，重新塑造一处现代化的生态农业综合体？这看似没有现成的规律可循，却在三个月之内变成现实。嘉兴的喜悦公社注定不是一场实验建筑的即兴表演，而是针对中国农村脚踏实地的现代空间升级范例。

How to rebuild an ecological agriculture complex without damaging the original site and the architectural scale, under the condition of limited expense and the quick construction period? It seems there are no ready-made rules to follow. However, it becomes a reality in three months. Jiaxing Xi-Yue Village is not an improvisation of experimental architecture, but an instance, aiming at the upgrading modern-space in the countryside.

在这个范例中，设计团队通过用现代的设计完成现代农业自身的空间升级、为城市人口回到乡村消费提供别致的空间载体、用场所的创新去点亮乡村文化的创意火花三个步步为营的设计策略，为我们揭示了一种基于现代建筑理论和建造框架的实施可能性。

In this instance, the Antao group uses modern design to finish self-upgrade of modern agricultural space, to provide urban people with a unique space carrier in the countryside for them to spend, and to spark creativity with the innovation of places. These three design strategies bring insight into an operational possibility for us, which are based on the modernism construction theory and the construction frame.

第一变：用现代的设计完成现代农业自身的空间升级

The first change: using modern design to arrive modern agricultural space

千百年来，农业是中华文明的基本生产形态和组织形态，而在过去的几十年里，农村成为人口流失的区域，农业生产、加工、消费的基本空间没有与现代设计同步，这种落差直接反映了农村面貌的落后。所以本案设计的第一变，在于将简陋的农作物大棚变身为现代农业的加工和体验场所，是为“食集”。

For thousands of years, agriculture is the basic production and organization forms of Chinese civilization. However, during the past several decades, the countryside became the area of population loss. The basic space of agricultural production, processing and consumption don’t keep up the pace with modern design. Such differences are reflected directly in the falling behind of the countryside. So the first change of this project is to change this simple and crude crop shed into a place for experiencing and processing modern agriculture. It is called “Food-Ji”, a place about food.

喜悦农场的食集空间提供了丰富农产品“在地食用”的生产方式，有机蔬菜、麦沙拉、冷压果蔬汁等食材均来于建筑场外田地的即时采摘，以精简的制作工序保障轻食最佳的新鲜度，在第一时间还原当地农产品的美味。

这种生产方式的现代化促使建筑师采用基于现代建筑模数概念的设计框架来完成空间的初步意向。设计首先强化了建筑的外部形象，几何序列的大棚坡屋顶和单元重复的元素，营造出独特的韵律感。

The modernization of this production way prompts architects finish the preliminary intention about the space, which is based on the design framework of construction module. Firstly, the design intensifies the outward face of the building. The pitch roof of the shed which is in geometric sequence and the unit repeated elements creates a kind of particular sense of rhythm.

攀援绿植为整个外立面赋予绿意。建筑顶部天窗设有活动遮阳系统，白天可为活动场地遮阳隔热，冬季增加日照，起到保温作用。

The climbing plants make the facades green and lush. The skylights in the building top have control system for sunshade. It can be used for sun shading and heat insulation in the daytime for the activity places. In winter, it can be used to increase the time of sun exposure and for heat preservation.

这个过程没有太多复杂的技术壁垒，唯一值得一提的是带有风扇的水帘系统，利用风扇吹动水帘，应用水蒸发吸热的原理，从而达到夏季通风降温效果。整个公社的建造方式具备高度的施工完成度，简便可行，回应着农业空间的可持续和复制性。

There are not many complex technical barriers in this process. The only notable point is the drencher system with mechanical fans. It utilizes fans to blow the drencher curtains, letting the water evaporate, at the same time the heat is absorbed. It can have a good effect of ventilation heat removal in summer. The construction mode of the whole village possesses the high level of construction completion, which is convenient and feasible. It is consistent with the sustainability and replicability of the agricultural space.

第二变：为城市人口回到乡村消费提供别致的空间载体

The second change: to provide urban people with a unique space for countryside holiday

只有农业品的“食集”显然还不够。建筑师和公社业主都意识到一个更有价值的话题：如何与城市实现更多的消费置换。

The “Food-Ji” only with farm products is not enough. Both architects and the owner of the village sense a more valuable topic, which is how to realize the transformation of the consumption.

中国农业人口大量向城市迁移，这是不可逆转的事实。那么，城市人口在闲暇时光回到农村进行消费，却是新时代下的体验趋势。

A large Chinese agricultural population migrates to cities. It is an irreversible fact. While, urban people go back to the countryside and consumes in leisure time becomes a new tendency.

嘉兴距离上海、杭州、苏州三座大城市均只有一小时车程，这里有着其他城市不可比拟的阳光和绿意。但消费空间得以成立的前提之一，是城市对乡村的认同，这种认同不仅仅是情感上的，也依赖于物理空间的美学框架。

There is only an hour’s drive from Jiaxing to those three big cities, Shanghai, Hangzhou and Suzhou. And when it comes to sunshine and green plants, Jiaxing has the unique superiority. But one of the premises to set up consumption space is the urban people’s identity with the countryside. Such identity is not only from emotion, but also depends on the aesthetic framework of the physical space.

本案在层高六米的空间里，以一米见方的结构单元堆叠形成立体景观，打造出开放而内向的购物场所，是为“市集”：它汲取了传统市集形式，其中贸易点散落在大棚下的各个角落，并在局部形成街巷。琳琅满目的有机农产品和精加工的农副产品、服饰、布艺等等，向都市人群传递了一份绿色、纯粹的健康理念。

In this project, the space with 6 meters storey height forms three-dimensional landscape by piling up the structural units, which are all 1 meter square. It creates a shopping place, open but introverted. It is called “Market-Ji”, which means market. This market adopts the traditional market form. The stalls are scattered in every corner under the shed and form streets and lanes in some parts. Varied organic farm products, precision-machined subsidiary agricultural products, clothes and fabric art and so on, pass a healthy idea, which is green and pure.

设计的布局进一步从传统民居文化中提取“聚族而居”的村落概念，在整体空间的上方构建错落有致的活动空间，而下部作为辅助功能，提供聚会、接待、轻食加工间等空间，丰富了市集的服务概念。

The design layout is from the village concept of traditional residential culture, which is living in a clan. Above the overall space, it builds picturesque disorder activity places. And the space beneath them works as the auxiliary function, providing the space for the party, reception and food processing rooms and so on, to enrich the service idea of the market.

第三变：用场所的创新去点亮乡村文化的创意火花

The third change: to spark creativity with the innovation of local country living.

在“食集”和“市集”的基础上，本案的第三步也是最有难度的一步，在于挑战场地未来的某种新的可能性，是为“艺集”。

On the basis of the previous two changes, the third change in this project is to challenge some future new possibilities of the places, which is also the most difficult step. It is called “Art-Ji”.

在城市资本对乡土中国重新格式化的未来，中国农村的空间机会并不完全依赖农产品生产和城市人口的度假消费。只要有机会，中国乡村的真正魅力更可能来自基于农业特征的创意艺术产业——有产业才会有持续的人气，乐业安居才会进一步提升中国农村的环境品质。

In the future that city capital reformats rural China, the space chances of Chinese countryside are not only depend on agricultural production and holiday consumption of urban population. If there are some chances, the real charm of Chinese villages is more likely from creative art industries with agricultural characteristics. Where there is an industry, there is popularity. Living and working in peace will only further improve the environment quality of rural China.

日本越后妻有的“大地艺术展”、安徽黟县的“碧山计划”、山西许村的“艺术修复运动”、中国台湾的“田中央”计划，都在不同程度上间接促进了农村产业的创意升级。农业文化一旦拥有创意的舞台，空间随机发生触媒的作用。

“Echigo-Tsumari Art” in Japanese, “Bishan plan” in Yixian County, Anhui, “Art Restoration Movement” in Xu village, Shanxi and “In the Central Field” plan in Taiwan all indirectly promote creativity upgrading of rural industries to varying degrees. Once agricultural has a stage of creativity, the space would play a role on catalyst randomly.

于是，在嘉兴喜悦公社的“艺集”设计中，打开未来的钥匙并非造景，而是如何激活创意空间，带来更多更新的产业、活化乡村资源，传承传统手工艺、曲艺等民间艺术，让更多的人可以借吃和玩之势在此制造属于自己的文化事件和艺术活动，丰富嘉兴湘家荡农文旅的产业格局。显然，这是政府、开发者、设计师都乐于预见的美好未来。

Therefore, in the “Art-Ji ” design of Jiaxing Xi-Yue Village, the key to the future is not the landscape construction, but how to activate creative space, to bring more new industries, to activate countryside resources, to inherit traditional handcraft art, folk art forms and other Chinese folk arts, to let more people create own cultural events and art activities by eating and playing, to enrich the industry pattern of agriculture, culture and tourism in Jiaxing.

除了通往嘉兴的高速公路，互联网也为喜悦公社这处网红之地带来了人流和信息。自公社开放以来，已经成功举办了手作文化节、轻食文化节等活动，给数以千计的人们带来互动体验。

Beside the expressway to Jiaxing, there is another expressway called “Internet”, which also bring Xi-Yue Village people and information. Since the Village open, it has held handcraft cultural festival, light food cultural festival and other festivals successfully, bringing thousands of people interactive experience.

也许在可以预见的未来，它会出现更多的版本，以一种艺术与消费结合的方式，轻松、愉悦、温暖地传递田园之美。

Maybe in the foreseeable future, it will have more forms to pass the beauty of countryside leisurely, agreeably and warmly by combing the art and the creation.