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Herzog & de Meuron建筑事务所
https://www.herzogdemeuron.com/index.html
项目团队 Herzog & de Meuron Project Team
项目地址 Lyon Confluence, Lyon, France
Îlot A3 面积 7763 m²
建造周期 11/2015 - 11/2017
Îlot A3是一个位于Lyon Confluence 2区域内的都市发展试点项目。通过六位建筑师与开发商、承包商及城市之间的协力合作，已经规划并完成了近九栋建筑楼。
Îlot A3: pilot project for the urban vision of Lyon Confluence 2. Nine buildings by six architects have been planned and built in close cooperation with the city, the developer, and the contractor.
在罗讷河和索恩河之间的半岛上，有充满活力而高密度的城市中心，它正向南扩张直至两条河流的交汇处。Lyon Confluence 2位于Cours Charlemagne的东边，一直延伸到罗讷河的岸边，并占据了曾经的批发市场用地。在2009年，Herzog & de Meuron（赫尔佐格 & 德梅隆）与Michel Desvigne合作，在Lyon Confluence 2总体规划的邀请赛中胜出。
The lively, compact city center on the peninsula between the Rhône and Sâone rivers is expanding southwards into the area that ends in the Confluence, where the two rivers converge. Located to the east of Cours Charlemagne, the main axis that traverses the entire peninsula from north to south, the area of Lyon Confluence 2 extends to the shoreline of the Rhône and primarily comprises the terrain of what was once a wholesale market. The master plan for Lyon Confluence 2 is the result of an invited competition, which Herzog & de Meuron won in 2009 in cooperation with Michel Desvigne.
与法国其他城市一样，在2003年政府为了Lyon Confluence 1+2未来的发展成立了一个城市发展机构（Société Publique Locale SPL），并由市长主持。该机构通过有效的管理，可以高效地规划、决策和执行。SPL在短时间内为成功开发新社区做出了很大的贡献。里昂市2001—2007的市长杰拉尔·科隆(Gérard Collomb)敬业地管理着Lyon Confluence的发展，他反对独裁统治，并注重承诺、奉献、个人责任与公众参与。
As in other cities in France, an urban development agency (Société Publique Locale SPL), over which the mayor presides, was founded in 2003 for the development of Lyon Confluence 1+2. Under competent management, the SPL can plan, make decisions, and carry them out efficiently. The SPL was largely responsible for successfully developing the new neighborhood in a comparatively short period of time. Gérard Collomb, Lyon’s mayor from 2001 to 2017, managed the development of Lyon Confluence with great presence of mind. His aim was not to rule autocratically; his greatest priorities were commitment, devotion, and personal accountability. This included exemplary involvement of the public in the process (concertation).
城市规划 (Plan Local d’Urbanisme, PLU) 随后由总规划师与SPL合作完成，并在2012年实行。此后，由赫尔佐格 & 德梅隆和Michel Desvigne担当顾问。一旦开发商表示出对某个地段感兴趣，或者城市本身想采取某种行动，将会收到一份详细的、竞赛或项目开发的基础条款。新地段的基础设施（电车线路、桥梁、区域供暖）也有类似的文件。自2016年以来，赫尔佐格 &德梅隆和Michel Desvigne就一直担任竞赛评委，并与SPL合作，为都市、建筑、景观项目的质量把控提出建议。
The urban plan (Plan Local d’Urbanisme, PLU) was subsequently developed by the authors of the master plan in cooperation with the SPL and went into effect in 2012. Thereafter, Herzog & de Meuron and Michel Desvigne assumed the role of consultants to the client (Assistance au Maître d’Ouvrage AMO). As soon as developers expressed interest in an Îlot or the city itself wanted to take action, a detailed Cahiers des Charges was put together to serve as the basis for competitions or the project development of specific Îlots. Similar documents were created for the infrastructure of the new quarter (tram lines, bridges, district heating). Since 2016, Herzog & de Meuron and Michel Desvigne have continued to sit on competition juries and work with the SPL, advising on quality control with respect to the urban, architectural, and landscaping aspects of the various projects.
城市规划和条款很大程度决定了设计的要素，包括建筑的规模和布局、街道的宽度、功能的分布以及建筑和公共空间设计的基本原则。然而，只有在这些规划被转化成建筑语言之后，公共空间才有了物质实体形式。
The size of the buildings, their placement, the width of the streets, the distribution of uses as well as the basic principles underlying the design of the buildings and public space are largely defined in the urban plan and the Cahiers des Charges. However, only after the plan is translated into architecture does public space acquire its physical shape.
Lyon Confluence 2的建筑师选拔机制是官方委任与竞赛评选。对于Îlots内较大的区域，一个有资质的建筑师担任负责人时，将被委任设计一个或多个建筑物，他还有责任推荐其他的建筑师人选，在他们都被选拔上以后，需要合作规划所负责的地块并把控所有阶段的施工。这个模式促使了国际知名建筑师与本地建筑师及有前途的新人通力合作。通过这个模式，可以发掘那些优秀的“无名氏”们，即职业生涯的初期作品已经在本土或国际上吸引不少关注的建筑师们，他们十分愿意与知名建筑师共同合作。在另一方面，规划总负责人为了确保建筑质量，不仅要考察建筑师的作品还要考察其合作伙伴的作品。
A model was worked out for Lyon Confluence 2 to select architects through a combination of direct mandates and competitions. For larger Îlots, a Chef d’Îlot, an architect with accredited qualifications, is commissioned to design one or several buildings. In this position, he is responsible for suggesting additional architects and, after they have been selected, to coordinate them and control the quality and coherence of “his” Îlot throughout all phases of planning and construction. This model enables established inteational architects to plan and build along with local architects from Lyon and promising newcomers. The best “still-no-names” are identified, architects whose first works have attracted attention at home or abroad. They are highly motivated by having been contacted directly by a renowned architect to join in close collaboration. At the same time, thanks to his experience and knowledge of processes, the Chef d’Îlot is entrusted with the responsibility of ensuring the quality of the architecture, in reference not only to his own buildings but also to those of his colleagues.
在赫尔佐格 & 德梅隆的指导下，六位建筑师规划并建造了九栋建筑。Lyon Confluence 2的总规划原则首次实施：有活力的街景、功能混合性、新旧并存、不同规模建筑的相互作用、视觉通透性、公共道路系统、公共空间与绿化的连续性、多元化的和谐性。
Nine buildings were planned and built by six architects under the guidance of Herzog & de Meuron. The basic principles of the master plan for Lyon Confluence 2 have been carried out for the first time: activation of the streetscape, a mix of uses, old and new side by side, interplay of differently scaled buildings, visual permeability, a system of public paths, coherence of public space and greenery, and unity within diversity.
在该试点项目中，SPL及开发商任命赫尔佐格 & 德梅隆为Îlot总负责人，Michel Desvigne为景观设计师。在评选开发商的竞赛当中，参赛者被要求在不汇报建筑方案的前提下，阐述多元功能的细节问题、能源和社会结构的可持续性、租金和售价以及建筑施工预算等影响建筑的质量因素。法国开发商Icade在这场竞赛中胜出。赫尔佐格 & 德梅隆与SPL协商，把合作的建筑师范围缩小至四个：Tatiana Bilbao（墨西哥城），Christian Kerez（苏黎世），Manuel Herz（巴塞尔）和AFAA（里昂）。其中，AFAA除了被委托负责两栋楼的规划和实施以外，还负责所有建筑的地下楼层设计以及制图，而来自里昂的Didier Dalmas赢得了改造旧花市(Halle aux Fleurs)的竞赛。
The SPL and developer designated Herzog & de Meuron as Chef d’Îlot and Michel Desvigne as landscape architect for the pilot project. In a competition held to determine the developer, potential investors were required to define quality factors such as the detailed mix of uses, sustainability as regards energy and social fabric, rental and sales prices, and construction budgets for the buildings – all of this, without presenting architectural designs. The French property developer Icade won the competition. In cooperation with the SPL, a number of architects proposed by Herzog & de Meuron for evaluation was narrowed down four: Tatiana Bilbao (Mexico City), Christian Kerez (Zurich), Manuel Herz (Basel), and AFAA (Lyon). In addition to being entrusted with the planning and execution of two buildings, AFAA was responsible for the underground floors of all the buildings and the coordination of the drawings. Didier Dalmas from Lyon won the public competition to remodel the former flower market (Halle aux Fleurs).
9栋建筑的规划和实施都有严格要求，它需要所有参与者共同合作五年。来自不同单位的建筑师在这五年内曾多次往返里昂和巴塞尔参加工作坊、规划协商会议，并在城市代表、甲方及施工方的陪同下参观建筑工地。2015年，所有建筑外观的1:1模型都在现场进行了评估，以讨论他们之间如何相互关联。完工后的成果体现了该任务的非凡性以及该合作方式的独特优势。这些楼既有微妙的相似性又有意想不到的反差感。 ÎloA3有力体现了积极、热切、充实合作方式下当代多元化主题。
Planning and execution of the nine buildings was an exacting process in every respect; it required the commitment and cooperation of all participants for a period of five years. The staff of the various architectural offices made countless trips to Lyon and on occasion to Basel for coordination workshops, planning consultations, and construction site visits with representatives of the city, the client, and the builders. In 2015, full-scale mock-ups of façades for all the buildings were constructed and reviewed on site in order to see how they interrelate.The finished structures testify to this extraordinary commitment and the singular climate of a remarkable collaboration. The buildings show both subtle affinities and exciting contrasts. Îlot A3 vibrantly demonstrates forms of constructive, intense, and enriching cooperation as a multisector, contemporary theme.
清水混凝土外墙形式生成过程来自于规划、交流和合作，既不是主观臆断，也不是随波逐流。对多元用途的回应、对公寓类型的选择以及相应制造商背景的不同而产生了多样的建筑表达。得益于施工公司Léon Grosse在混凝土方面的丰富专业知识，建筑得以运用统一材料。尽管有市场价格预算和工期的压力，施工公司仍然进行了必要研究。研究成果非常丰富，从小型胶合板到弯曲金属模板，从表皮基体到预制窗框，从双层混凝土墙到夯实混凝土柱都包括在内。
Fair-faced concrete on the façades was neither an incontrovertible premise nor a general preference. It came about in the course of planning, exchange, and collaboration. A diversity of architectural expression emerged in the overall view in response to the various uses, the choice of apartment typologies, and the background of the respective makers. The decision to work with a uniform material was reinforced by the fact that the construction company, Léon Grosse, has substantial expertise in working with concrete. Despite the market-price budget and the tight scheduling, the company committed to the necessary research and became an integral part of the design team. The resulting spectrum ranges from small-scale plywood to curved metal formwork, from surface matrices to prefabricated window reveals, from double-skin concrete walls to rammed concrete columns.
建筑旨在保持多样性的前提下具有统一性。建筑师和开发商更在意有吸引力的住宅类型和建筑细节，而不是宏伟的形态、奇特的形状或者亮眼的色彩。为了与里昂老城区，尤其与罗讷河沿岸的楼房外立面一致，不同规格的建筑都涂抹了浅色调的矿物材料，在特殊情况下也有一些例外：在Îlot A3区的一座小型建筑物表面覆盖深色木材；Îlot B2区的一座亭子由粘土制成，以及Îlot C1区的建筑学院的黑色表皮。
The specifications of the development plan go beyond the volume of the buildings. The architectural guidelines aim to achieve unity within diversity. Rather than defining the identity of buildings with grand gestures, distinctive shapes, or loud colors, architects and developers are encouraged to work on interesting housing typologies and architectural detailing. The façades of the differently scaled buildings are to be executed primarily in mineral materials and light in coloring in keeping with the old town of Lyon and especially the frontage along the Rhône. It is, of course, in the nature of rules to have exceptions and these are acceptable in special cases. In Îlot A3, a small building is clad in dark wood; in Îlot B2, a pavilion is made from clay and the school of architecture in Îlot C1 is black.
Lyon Confluence 2的总规划包括了一个综合社区（Quartier du Marché），一条从东往西连接两条河流的大道（Transversale），一个延伸到交汇区南段的公园（the Champs）。这个以Îlot A3为基础原型的社区以简单的街道网格、通达性、合理的密度、多样的功能，和不同类型的楼房为主要特征。该项目目标是创造充满生机的公共空间，容纳多样的社会结构。
The master plan for Lyon Confluence 2 consists of the Quartier du Marché, a mixed urban neighborhood, the Transversale, a boulevard that leads east and west to bridges over the two rivers, and the Champs, a park that leads to the southe tip of Confluence. The neighborhood, for which the Îlot A3 is the prototype, is characterized by a simple street grid, permeable Îlots, considerable density, a mix of uses, and different building typologies, among them repurposed wholesale market structures. The objective is to create vibrant public spaces and a heterogeneous social fabric. The architectural specifications aim for unity within diversity. Because of the central location, only a limited number of parking spaces are provided and buildings must adhere to strict energy regulations.
ÎlotA3的住宅和办公类型很大程度上突出了建筑特征。他们并排的布局方式有助于满足社区内各式各样的社会结构。大部分公寓单元要么是在转角，要么就是用短边沿着大楼排布。在这些建筑中，有错层式公寓的建筑楼，也有建在托儿所上方的复式连排屋。通过外部楼梯、入口平台、台地和阳台为庭院带来活力。两位建筑师运用了弧形建筑元素进行设计，两个建筑楼利用变化的布局形成了雕塑性外观，还有两个办公楼拥有灵活的布局，高透明性以及穿透大玻璃的充足日光，其中一个办公楼还因为它外立面的柱子而引人注目。
The housing and office typologies in Îlot A3 give rise to the distinctive character and identity of the buildings; their physical side-by-side contributes to the heterogeneous social fabric of the neighborhood. Most of the units are either coer apartments or run the width of the building; one building is characterized by a split-level typology, another, smaller one consists of duplex townhouses above a nursery school. The common courtyard is activated through outside stairs and access decks, terraces, and balconies. Two architects introduce curved architectural elements; two buildings are sculpturally formed by variations in layout; two office buildings feature a flexible layout, transparency, and ample daylight thanks to large-scale glazing – one of them stands out with its outdoor columns.
A3区的庭院位于新社区（Quartier du Marché）的中心地带，这里创建了一片连续的绿化，该区块的特点就是严格均质的设计。与里昂市大多数公共空间类似，这里设计了碎石路面以及高大的树木。落叶树在夏天遮挡强光，在冬天则保证了充沛的采光。带有长凳和桌子的林中空地则吸引着人们在此驻留。
The courtyard of Îlot A3 creates a greened continuity in the heart of the new Quartier du Marché. The stringent uniform design is an important identifying feature of the block.The stabilized gravel pavement and stands of tall trees echo the spirit of many public spaces in Lyon. Indigenous species of deciduous trees filter the light of the summer sun and guarantee sunlight in winter. Clearings with benches and tables are inviting spots to stop and stay.
Copious growth at the foot of certain trees and three runoff ditches with vegetation along the buildings create zones of great intimacy. They ensure ground-floor privacy and also provide a spacious open area in the middle of the courtyard. Ground floor uses enliven the streetscape.
里昂几乎是一个地中海城市。 Îlot的建筑师用不同但相关的方式，在不同的社会层级及建筑尺度的大楼中，回应了当地温暖的气候。阳台、凉廊和阶梯，以及入口平台和室外楼梯等设计元素促进了同一建筑内的居民之间的交流。这些独特建筑策略产生了各自的特点：他们有圆的、由木材包裹、堆叠于其他建筑之上；也有交错的、双层高的、后退式的或悬挑的。从阳台和楼梯还可以看到中间的庭园以及下面的行人。
Lyon is almost a Mediterranean city. The architects of the Îlot incorporate the potential of the warm climate into the social and architectural dimensions of their buildings in different and yet related ways. There are balconies, loggias and terraces as well as access decks and outside stairs. These foster exchange among the residents in the same building and across the courtyard. The distinctive architectural solutions generate identity: they are round, clad in wood, stacked one above the other, or staggered, double-height, set back, or cantilevered. The balconies and stairs also afford a view of the courtyard and the people down below.
Lyon Confluence 2的第一座高层建筑位于Rue Smith和公共通道的交汇处。它距离街边有一段距离，在入口处为一个小广场腾出了空间。较低的楼层是补贴式公租房，高层则是公寓。
The first high-rise in Lyon Confluence 2 marks the intersection of Rue Smith and the public passage. It is set back from the street to make room for a small plaza in front of the entrance. The lower floors accommodate subsidized rentals with condominiums above.
转角的圆形阳台，凹凸的走道使建筑简单的形状产生了一些变化，并提供了最佳的采光条件和一览城市景色的观景台。
Round, projecting loggias in the coers modify the simple volume of the building; they provide optimal sunlight and a view of the city.
除此以外，一至五层有一个通往公寓的室外楼梯，提供有限采光量，并直达庭院。
In addition, an outdoor staircase leads from the apartments on the lower five floors, with limited sunlight, directly to the Cour Jardinée.
第一层容纳了公用空间及一些零售商店。混凝土的立面和承重结构都在现场浇筑。规则分布的窗户反映了里昂历史建筑外立面的简洁性。倾斜的金属框架为水平转动的窗户以及遮荫的卷帘提供了空间。
The ground floor accommodates shared uses and retail stores. The concrete façade and loadbearing structure were poured on site. Regularly placed windows echo the simplicity of Lyon‘s historical façades. Slanted metal frames allow the horizontally pivoting windows to open and the simultaneous use of roll-down blinds to provide shade.
完整项目信息
PROJECT KEY DATA
Project Number: 423
Project Name: Îlot A3, Tour de logements
Location: Lyon Confluence, Lyon, France
Project Phases:
Concept Design 04/2013 - 08/2013
Schematic Design 09/2013 - 09/2014
Design Development 10/2014 - 03/2015
Construction Documents 04/2015 - 07/2015
Construction Services 11/2015 - 11/2017
Client: ICADE Promotion, France (Private Developer)；SPL, France (Public Developer)
PROJECT TEAM
Herzog & de Meuron Project Team
Partners: Jacques Herzog, Pierre de Meuron, Christine Binswanger (Partner in Charge)
Project Team: Christoph Röttinger (Associate, Project Director), Emmanuel Guilloux (Project Manager), Claire Gamet (Project Manager), Delphine Camus, Chloé Eckert, Shusuke Inoue, Sara Jimenez, Antoine Meinnel, Alexa Nüberger (Associate), Romain Pequin
PLANNING
Acoustics: Synacoustique, Lyon, France
Construction Security: Alpes Contrôle, Villeurbanne, France
Cost Consultant: Iliade, Caluire et Cuire, France
Design Consultant: Herzog & de Meuron, Basel, Switzerland
Executive Architect: AFAA, Lyon, France; PSO Ingénieurie, Serrieres, France; ELAN, Limonest, France
Fire Security / Code: Veritas, Paris, France
Geotechnical Engineering: Fondaconseil, La Tour Salvagny, France
MEP Engineering: Iliade Setam, Caluire et Cuire, France
Photovoltaic Engineering: Transenergie, Écully, France
Roads & Networks Engineering: Cap Vert, Lyon, France
Structural Engineering: Batiserf, Fontaine, France;Artelia, La Plaine Saint Denis, France
Sustainability Consultant: Etamine, Vaulx en Velin, France
CONSULTING
Facade Engineering: EPPAG, Münchenstein, Switzerland
CONTRACTORS
Electrical: CNE, Vaulx en Velin, France
General Contractor: Leon Grosse, BRON, France
Pombing Ventilation: Patricola, Montany, France
Îlot A3:
Surface Ilôt: 7763 m²
Surface Cour Jardinée: 3130 m²
Emprise au sol bâtiments: 4474 m²
COS ìlot: 3.6
COS Quartier: 1.8
BUILDING DATA
Site Area: 835m²
Gross Floor Area(GFA): 5751m²
Number of Levels: 16
Footprint: 480 m²
Length: 27m
Width: 23m
Height: 52m
Facade Surface: 5145 m²
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